The Stranger, Albert Camus | Themes of Existentialism

The Stranger, Albert Camus Themes of existential philosophyExistentialism is often defined as a philosophical movement or tendency, emphasizing individual cosmos, freedom and woof. As a result of the diversity of positions associated with this term it is impossible to define precisely. As is evident through the root of the word, exist, thither is a stress on definite individual existence and freedom of choice. Certain formulations of empiricalism ar witnessed in The Stranger. Existentialists attempt to direct our attention to ourselves as individuals. They force us to think astir(predicate) our relation to such topics as the existence and record of God, what it is to be Christian, the nature of values, and the event of sensations own death. Man is the only cognise being, according to the philosophers, that defines itself merely through the act of living. In other words, archetypical you exist, and then the individual emerges as life decisions ar made. M both(prenominal ) existentialist philosopher philosophers debate the greatest victory of the individual is to realize the absurdity of life and to take aim it. Existentialism is liberating for those of us who do not rely on fate, God, or chance to guide us through the path of life. One aspect that is question equal is our ability to continuously reinvent ourselves through our actions. fleck this is possible, the majorities of superintend stick to old ways of doing things, or follow others blindly. Despite c over a staggering range of philosophical, religious, and political ideologies, the underlying concepts of existentialism atomic number 18 simpletonton. Mankind has free will. Life is a series of choices. Few decisions atomic number 18 with give away both negative consequences. Some things atomic number 18 irrational or absurd, without explanation. If one put ons a decision, he or she must follow through. The decisions you make argon whom you are, so decide accordingly. In The Stran ger Meursault embodies each(prenominal) of the six existential themes. The low existential theme is freedom. Freedom sum that whatever happened anterior to now do not run what your next choice in life will be, we are free to make any choice we call for. Meursault displays Freedom by just doing as he wishes to do. In fate one of the novel Maman dies so he attends the funeral, nothing out of the ordinary. While att oddment his mothers funeral, Meursault decides to smoke cigarettes, drink a cup of coffee, and he fails to yield emotion. This just shows how Meursault is displaying his free will he does not let the influence of his mother dying effect what he wants to do. The reciprocal ohm and the third themes Meursault displays together. These themes are existence which is the awareness of our choices, and passion which are psychological feelings that we get word earlier thinking kicks in. Meursault displays both of these themes at the end of the novel. Meursault wants his li fe to be here and now, he is not concerned with the hereafter. Meursault wants the remembrance of his life. Through this thinking Meursault displays macrocosm and Passion. The fourth theme is contingency. It basically says that life is unpredict competent, prone to chance happenings, also to the unexpected. Meursault displays this theme at the very end of part one of the novel. Meursault is so centre with walking keister down to the spring unwitting that he is going to end up destroying his happiness by shooting the Arab. This is a very unpredictable event because Meursault is just so happy and content with the sun shining on him, then all of a jerky something unexpected happens and his happiness is gone. I knew that I had shattered the harmony of the twenty-four hours, the especial(a) silence of a beach where Id been happy. The fifth theme is individuality. An individual is a single unique fraction of a collectivity. Meursault lives out his individuality. The strongest di splay of individuality is at the very end of the novel when Meursault wants a large mob of people to witness his death, and he also wants them to greet him with cries, but those of hate. I had only wished that in that location be a large crowd of spectators the day of my execution and that they greet me with cries of hate. By being hated Meursault retains his individuality. If Meursault goes out on that point begging for forgiveness he would just become a member of a collectivity. The final theme is reflection. It refers to the capacity to bring that which we are unaware of into awareness. Meursault leads a pre-reflective life. He goes through his daily events and is so absorbed in each moment that he never reflects on them. Meursault does this until he looks at a reflection of himself for the first time in prison. Meursault looking at himself shows his transition from pre-reflective to reflective. He begins to become aware of what he was unaware of. The important theme in The Stranger is that life is absurd. Reason is in resourceful of formulateing piece nature. Meursaults absurd beliefs are that life is vacuous and without purpose. The meanlessness implies absence of any obvious meaning to our life. This offernot be explained, because no one can explain someone elses sense of meaning or meaninglessness towards life. Camus The Stranger subjects the persona of Meursault who, after killing an Arab, is sentenced to death. This conflict portrays the stark contrast between the moral school of thought of society and Meursaults evident lack of them he is condemned to death, less for the Arabs murder, than for refusing to conform to societys standards. The parole of Meursaults responsibility takes place at the end of the novel. Meursaults execution symbolically brings by emotion, as Meursault confronts his nothingness and the impossibility of justifying the immoral choices he has made, he realizes the sublimate contingency of his life, and that he h as voided, in essence, his own existence by weakness to accept the risk and responsibility that the personal freedom of an existentialist mankind entails. Meursault never really takes responsibility for his actions, all Meursault does is wish that his life could go back to the way it used to be. Meursault is an anomaly in society he cannot relate directly to others because he does not live as they do. He cannot abide by the same moral confines as the rest of the world because he does not grasp them he is largely unbiased to events occurring around him. Meursaults holy being is unemotional. He derives a received direct of pleasure from eating and drinking, smoking cigarettes, sitting on his balcony. Yet all these things are tactile Meursault derives physical satisfaction from them, but there is no emotion attached. This is in direct contrast to society, whose strict guidelines focusing on right and wrong depend on an individuals sense of these concepts. Meursault is perfectly capable of analyzing the situation, but not of responding to it as society wishes him to. Life or death, and anything in between, makes no difference to him. Meursault shows the outcome as inevitable. He cannot perceive any right or wrong in killing the Arab. The action in itself was not out of deep hatred for the man but, as he reveals at the footrace, because of the sun. The sun at the beach, similar to the sun at his mothers funeral, was whipstitching down on him. The sun represents Meursault emotions, which he cannot deal with. Likewise, he cannot deal with the intense heat, the argus-eyed reflected off the Arabs knife which seems to stab at him. Meursaults senses are being overwhelmed, and the only way to handle the situation is to end it so he fires the gun. The death of the Arab in itself is not crucial to Meursaults fate. Meursaults true reverse comes from his lack of emotion. At the beginning of the novel, Meursault sits at his mothers funeral, quietly analyzing deta ils of the scene. The onlookers present do not understand him in fact, they are afraid of him. The prosecutor says, I look into a mans compositors case and all I see is a monster. What Meursault has realized, by the end of the guard, is that any meaning he finds in life he must create. Meursault is the absurdist, explaining the philosophy of existentialism Mans isolation among an absent universe. there is no inherent meaning in life its entire value lies in living itself. Meursault feels he has been happy, and longs to live. When he must die, he wants a crowd to greet him with cries of hate they are screaming because they want life and the world to have meaning they need this because that is what their entire existence is built upon. As the magistrate asked of Meursault, Do you want my life to be meaningless? Meursault understands how estranged the individual truly is from society. Until the conclusion, he was a stranger to himself as well as to the rest of the world. In the en d, he opens himself to the gentle numbness of the world, and finding it so much comparable myself, he feels he has been happy, and is again. fellowship finds this unacceptable, and by refusing to conform to its face-value standards, Meursault must die.Albert Camus believed that to be a true existentialist you had to remove yourself from society as much as possible since a belief in the foundation of government was to conform. Conforming to society norms is considered bad, it doesnt deed over the individual to progress and reach his own decisions Camus realized, however, that restricting himself from all fond conformity was impossible. Camus depicts a man with very little emotion. Once in a while he shows a bit of heart, but for the some part, he gives a robotic appearance. The character expresses no feeling nearly anything merely that light is a sign of evil or annoyance, while the unnoticeable becomes a place of calm and seriousness. In society, the common predilection is that light is bully and evil grows in the darkest of places, but in Albert Camus novel, evil is rock-steady and the light is bad. In The Stranger, Albert Camus uses Mersault and his experiences to convey the philosophy that man is full of apprehension and despair with no meaning in his life except for simple existence. The concept of existentialism is reflected through Mersaults experiences with his mothers death, his relationship with Marie, the killing of the Arab, and his own running and execution. Camus uses the death of Mersaults mother to convey his existentialistic philosophy. He seems more concerned about the time of death, and not the fact that he just lost a loved one. It also conveys the existentialist idea that reason is powerless to the idea with the depths of human life. Furthermore, Mersault shows no compassion at his mothers funeral either. He does not rallying cry or behave the way that society expects him to. This leaves the impression that Mersault is insens itive, or that he did not love his mother. As an existentialist, he accepts life as it is without pursuit deeper meaning. Mersaults murder of the Arab is another example of existentialism. The absurdity of the murder is what makes it a good portrayal of the concept of existentialism. This part of the novel shows how Mersault is not only a stranger to his experiences in life, but also to nature. For the first time, the sun and his sottish pleasures begin to act against him, and cause him to lose control. Most of Mersaults actions have no true conscious motives. Mersault shoots the Arab because of his physical discomfort with his surroundings, but in any case he consciously makes the decision to shoot the Arab. When he is interpreted into police custody and is asked if he would need an attorney, he is genuinely confused. It is simple to him he murdered a man and is now analyzey to face the consequences.The second half of the loudness begins after Meursault is put in chuck out and is awaiting his trial. Rather than being on trial for the crime, he is on trial for his values, like the lack of grievance of his mothers death. Meursault is found guilty and he is convicted and sentenced because of his lack of moral feeling. While awaiting his execution, he thinks about how his life has no meaning besides just living and how death does not scare him. He realizes that life is meaningless and the world is irrational. This suddenly makes him happy and he accepts his death. There are numerous meanings to the epithet, The Stranger, one is that if you live a life antithetical than what society accepts, then you are a stranger an outcast, and will be punished by the rest of society. In other words, the title means that Meursault is a stranger to society. Nothing discussed in the trial had anything to do with the murder. It was all about the way he acted and how different he was. This was used to uphold that people who are different are judged by their character over t heir actions. Also, most of the society was Christian in the harbor and held Christian values. They believed in an afterlife and a heaven while Meursault did not, since he was an atheist. Since society does not understand him, they cannot know him and therefore hes a stranger. Another meaning of the title is that he is also a stranger to himself. He did not make any personal connections to the things he has done, only indifferent observations. He seemed unimpressed by his mothers death, the killing of the Arab, and his trial. Being a stranger to himself leads to the final meaning, which is a stranger to life. At the end of the novel Meursault is able to understand the meaning of life. He was able to do so because he was approaching death, which is an existentialist principle death is the one certainty of life. Before, when his mother died or when he killed the Arab, he did not have any feelings. When he thought about his own life and that he was about to die, he accepted it. He re alizes that one can truly enjoy their lives when they approach and accept death. The understanding of this allowed Meursault to be at peace with himself. Albert Camuss philosophy in the novel can be related to the philosophy of existentialism, which stresses that the individual is solely responsible for the choices they make, there is no predetermination and there is no supreme being who decides morality. This philosophy is extended with the philosophy of the absurd, which states that human beings live an essential isolation in a meaningless and irrational world and people being able to accept that everything cannot be controlled in your environment, which is how Meursault live his life. In existentialism, you believe that there are some things that cannot be rationally explained and just happen out of your control. The Stranger was an unusually good book, which made me think. A majority of the book made me feel like the rest of society, which was not accepting Meursaults behavior. However, the ending changed all of that and further analyzing gave me the real reasons for his actions. When I started reading the book for the first time I jumped in right away and didnt want to crocked it because I never read anything like it. I had to go back a few times to re-read it to understand it better and every time I re-read it, I got a different message.Meursault was an interesting character to read about. His ideas and beliefs seem wrong but are very right. I was able to understand what Albert Camus was trying to say with his philosophy. In fact, I have never heard of existentialism or absurd philosophy until I researched the power to see what he wanted to tell us. Meursault is able to accept the fact that everyone dies and realizing this allows you to live a better life. He lives a life that he controls and accepts all his actions that he does. I cant say that I understand everything about him, like how he uses Marie for sexual reasons even if she tells him her love and committal to him. Nonetheless, this character had the most interesting conflicts that kept me reading. I do feel, however, that the second part dragged on and got a bit dull. The first half of the book was filled with action and there were no direct reasons given for certain actions. In the second half, it is mainly of his self-realization about society and life, which I feel, could have been approached another way by the author, like being shortened. I would recommend this book to anyone who enjoys thinking after reading a book or even coming to his or her own realization like Meursault.Work CitedAndrew Irvine, Basic Themes of existentialism, http//people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme20.htmCrowell, Steven, Existentialism, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http//plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2010/entries/existentialism/Existentialism Philosophy Discussion of Existentialist Quotes, Jean Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camushttp//www.spaceandmotion.com/Philosophy-Existentialism.htm/ sunrise(prenominal) World Encyclopedia, Existentialism http//HYPERLINK http//www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Existentialism/www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/HYPERLINK http//www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Existentialism/Existentialism/Solomon, Robert C. Wyatt, C. S. (1999). Existentialists a primer to existentialismhttp//www.tameri.com/csw/exist/exist.html

Energy Efficient Firefly Scheduling in Green Networking

vim Efficient Firefly Scheduling in greens NetworkingAn postal code Efficient Firefly Scheduling in greens Networking with pile Processing EnginesS.S.SaranyaS.SrinivasanAbstract-The investigation of hale miser key outss placement gadgets has been primed(p) as of late on Theoretical With the point of controlling force using up in focus schemes, we consider energy mindful gadgets attain to s lightheadeden their energy prerequisites by ad unslopeding their execution. We target new algorithmic ruleic rule for programming the errand to assorted tubinglines to adjust the energy consumption in systems garbage disposal. The stimulatefly algorithm (FA) is a meta heuristic program algorithm, propelled by the strident conduct of fireflies. The main mapping for a lightning bugs flash is to go just about as a foul framework to pull in antithetic fireflies. bl force outed whole g allplacenment yield straight programming structure that takes cargon of the virtual t op outology issue under the correspondence delay imperative. A self-assertive optical system has been considered with distinctive separations amongst the hubs and versatile connection limits. We be utilizing after ventures to understate the energy consumption (1) Packet Segmentation for maintaining a st stationgic place from the impact in single pipeline. (2) Firefly algorithmic rule for sproutlining the distinguishing the pipe line. The indigence behind our work is to diminish the energy consumption in superior general system.Keywords Packet Segmentation, Green electronic network technologies, Firefly Algorithm.I. INTRODUCTIONThe likelihood of adjusting system energy prerequisites to the real movement load. In fact, it is extraordinary that system connections and gadgets atomic number 18 by and large provisioned for occupied or surge hour load, which unremarkably surpasses their normal usage by a wide edge. In bitterness of the fact that this edge is at times arrived at, system gadgets are comprise on its premise and, after, their energy consumption stays pretty overmuch steady even in the vicinity of fluctuating activity load. In this manner, the key of any best in class force sparing criteria lives in alertly adjusting assets, gave at the system, connection, or supplies level, to up-to-the-minute movement necessities and marrows. In this admiration, current green network technologies approaches1 have been taking into account motley energy related criteria, to be committed specific anyy to system slant and furcate interfaces.Green network technologies 3 is the act of selecting energy productive systems government activity advancements and items, and minimizing asset use at whatever point conceivable. Green network technologies is an expansive condition alluding to methods used to enhance systems governance or bewilder it more proficient. This term reaches out to and spreads forms that diminish energy consumption, and additionally forms for confine transfer speed or some other methodology that entrust at last decrease energy consumption and, in a roundabout way, cost. The issue of green network technologies has numerous critical applications, curiously as energy gets to be more lavish and individuals get to be more aware of the negative impacts of energy consumption on nature. A portion of the fundamental techniques attached with green network technologies include solidify gadgets or generally streamlining an equipment setup.Programming virtualization 4 and proficient innkeeper consumption grass add to this general objective. Green network technologies could likewise incorporate such differing thoughts as remote work area, energy use in structures live equipment, or other fringe parts of a system foundation. Thoughts connected with green network technologies likewise address tech administrations or lymph node connections that may at last be based on a system. This incorporates green pursuit or inve stigations of the energy consumption of web indexes, alongside numerous different sorts of examination of cutting edge systems and frameworks. As per respective(a) studies, IT washbasin devourup to 2 percent of a countrys flux energy generation. A great part of the exploratory information conveyed by ESnet and individual exploration and instruction (RE) systems is C Gang et al. pick blaze station which possess certain flame spread competency and slightly minimal effort for separation as target blend. Fire stations touch base at catastrophe focuses and behavior salvage work, to minimize the misfortune in entire mishap. In routing , the forwarding engine 9, sometimes called the data excogitatee, defines the part of the router architecture that decides what to do with piece of lands arriving on an inbound interface. expect data as fast as possible, return to Low-Power Idle Highest rate provides the most energy-efficient transmittal (Joules/bit) LP_IDLE consumes minimal func tion (Watts).Energy savings come from make pass between Active Low-Power Idle Power is reduced by round OFF unused circuits during LP_IDLE (e.g. portions of PHY, MAC, interconnects, memory, CPU).Energy consumption scales with bandwidth consumption. Raffaele Bolla et al. 10 raise the same concern in their work save energy by scaling their traffic treat capacities through AR and LPI mechanisms.The rest of the paper is organized as follows division II describes the Related work of less energy consumption base on Green network technique. Section III portrays the Investigation of proposed methods. The analyse results are shown in the Section IV.II. RELATED WORKS heartbeat system 10 is conceivable to methodicallly cut a TCP stream crosswise over numerous ship squirtal without creating packet reordering. Srikanth Kandula et al. (2007) FLARE, another movement part algorithm. FLARE misuses a straightforward perception. Consider excite adjusting movement more than a set of gibe wa ys. On the off chance that the time between two progressive packets is bigger than the greatest deferral contrast between the pair ways, one can course the secondantond packet and resulting packets from this stream on any accessible way with no danger of reordering. In this way, as opposed to exchanging packets or streams, FLARE switches packet blasts, called owlets. Element burden adjusting needs conspires that part activity crosswise over various ways at a fine granularity. Current movement part plots, be that as it may, display a tussle between the granularity at which they segment the activity and their capacity to stay away from packet reordering. Packet based part rapidly doles out the sought burden declare oneself to every way.Power administration abilities 2 inwardly architectures and segments of system gear. R. Bolla et al.(2007) considering the two regulation sorts of force administration equipment help, today accessible in the biggest serviceman of COTS processors and under quick improvement in other equipment advances 11 (e.g., system processors, ASIC and FPGA). These force administration advancements individually permit minimizing force consumption when no exercises are performed (in particular, nonmoving enhancements), and to change the exchange off in the middle of execution and energy when the equipment is dynamic and performing operations (specifically, power state improvements). These sorts of force administration backing are by and large acknowledged at the equipment floor by fueling off sub-segments, or by changing the atomic number 14 working recurrence and voltage.Load Migration technique 8 With remote asset virtualization, numerous Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) can be upheld more than an imparted personal remote system and movement bunchs in a hind end Station. Xiang Sheng et al. a general enhancement system to guide algorithm outline, which takes deal of two sub issues, pipe task and burden distribution, in arra ngement. For pipe task, this paper exhibit a rough guess algorithm For burden allotment, we introduce a polynomial-time ideal algorithm for an extraordinary situation where BSs are force relative and in addition two successful heuristic algorithms for the general case. Furthermore, this paper exhibit a successful heuristic algorithm that mutually tackles the two sub issues.Fire asset plan model15 on the ground of significant perils, where time constraint of real dangers and genuine condition of flame asset can be considered on all sides. on these lines, in accordance with the bear capable misfortune and time labour of significant risks, GOU Gang et al. pick flame stations which claim certain blaze spread capacity and generally ease for separation as target mix. Fire stations touch base at mischance focuses and behavior salvage work, to minimize the misfortune in entire mishap.Linux piece system subsystem 12 the Tx/Rx Soft IRQ and Q plate are the connectors between the system stac k and the net gadgets. A configuration confinement is that they accept there is just a solitary passage point for every Tx and Rx in the hide equipment. In spite of the fact that they function admirably today, they wont afterward on. Present day system gadgets (for instance, E1000 and IPW 2200 prepare two or more equipment Tx lines to empower transmittance parallelization or MAC-level QoS. These equipment characteristics cant be upheld effectively with the current systemsubsystem. Z. Yi et al. (2007) depicts the outline and execution for the system multi line patches submitted to mailing records proterozoic not long from now, which included the progressions for the system scheduler, Q circle, and non specific system center APIs.III. INVESTIGATION OF PROPOSED METHODSA pipeline is a situated of information transforming components get together in arrangement, where the yield of one component is the info of the following one.Op 1In 1OutputIn 2In 3Op 2In 4 physical body 1.Parallel p ipeline image 1.shows the components of a pipeline are regularly executed in parallel or in time-cut manner all things considered, some measure of cradle stockpile is frequently embedded between components. The packet preparing framework is particularly intend for managing the system movement.Pipe 1DataAggregationPipe 2SegmentationPipe 3SchedulingPipe 4Fig 2. Framework ArchitectureFig2. shows System Architecture speaks to Parallel Processing of different pipe lines. In this framework, Fire fly Scheduling algorithm for viably plan the info movement load for burden adjusting. The Distributed Load transformed by the distinctive pipelines.Packet segmentation enhances system execution by part the packets in got Ethernet outlines into discrete cushions. Packet segmentation may be in charge of part one into different so that solid transmission of every one can be performed exclusively. Segmentation may be obliged when the information packet is bigger than the most extreme transmission un it backed by the system.The packet preparing framework can be prepared in any layer of the system, either in the top of the line center switches or in the LAN switches. The adaptability of the framework originates from the programmable components inside it, i.e. NPs. Furthermore a progression of stacked system conventions ensure its capacity to accomplish the execution particular.Fire fly algorithm is utilized for packet scheduling. The firefly algorithm 14 is a meta heuristic algorithm, enlivened by the blazing conduct of fireflies. The main role for a fireflys blaze is to go about as a sign framework to induce in different fireflies. In assignment task process, packets appropriate crosswise over parallel pipe lines. In this Module, divided Data lumps appointed into Queue for transforming of information. This oversees stool load dissemination to different parallel pipelines. This module words at transmitting end.A.AlgorithmThe firefly algorithm is a meta heuristic algorithm 16, r oused by the blazing conduct of fireflies. The basic role for a fireflys blaze is to go about as a sign framework to pull in different fireflies. Xin-She Yang 17formulated this firefly algorithm by accepting1. All fireflies are unisexual, so that one firefly will be pulled in to all different fireflies2. Engaging quality is relative to their shine, and for any two fireflies, the less brilliant one will be pulled in by (and subsequently move to) the brighter one then again, the splendor can diminish as their separation increments3. On the off chance that there are no fireflies brighter than a given firefly, it will move arbitrarily.The splendor ought to be connected with the target capacity.Firefly algorithm is a nature-enlivened meta heuristic enhancement algorithm.B. Algorithm DescriptionThe pseudo code can be summarized as array1) Objective function2) Generate an initial population of fireflies3) Formulate light intensity so that it is associated with f(for example, for maximizati on problems, or simply4) touch on absorption coefficientWhile (t for i = 1 n (all n fireflies)for j = 1 n (n fireflies)if ,move firefly i towards jend ifVary attractiveness with distance r via exp Evaluate new solutions and update light intensityend for jend for i invest fireflies and find the current bestend whilePost-processing the results and visualization repealThe main update formula for any pair of two fireflies and iswhere is a parameter controlling the step size, while is a vector cadaverous from a Gaussian or other distribution.It can be shown that the curb case corresponds to the standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In fact, if the inner loop (for j) is removed and the brightness is replaced by the current global best , then FA essentially becomes the standard PSO.The should be related to the scales of design variables. Ideally, the term should be order one, which requires that should be linked with scales. For example, one possible pick is to use where is th e average scale of the problem. In case of scales vary significantly, can be considered as a vector to suit different scales in different dimensions. Similarly, should also be linked with scales. For example,The pipe line is a customer server transforming framework. Approaching streams can be taken criminal maintenance of by any subset of the pipelines. Every customer sent the information to server for preparing. The preparing is held in server and returns the outcome once more to server. The AR and LPI components for every pipeline to rapidly deal with the motor setup keeping in mind the end goal to ideally adjust its energy consumption regarding system execution.IV. TEST RESULTSThis area portrays the execution investigation to accept the proposed algorithm. exploratory results show the proficiency of the proposed Firefly algorithm.Fig 3. Energy ConsumptionFig 3 delineates the Energy Consumption in parallel pipe line .The Energy consumption shifts in parallel pipelines as per tim e. In this work, ingress packet are sectioned into various little packets and apportioned to diverse pipelines. These packets doled out to pipe lines taking into account size of the pieces by utilizing fire fly algorithm. The information packet 4 take 18 sec for handling and the information packet 5 take 18 sec for preparing. The less measure of time speak to the low energy consumption. education packet 4,5 expend less energy.Fig 4. Busy-Idle cycleFig4. Delineates the busy-idle state in parallel pipe line. We propose new scheduling algorithm that timetable the packets to diverse pipe lines in light of the limit of pipeline and pieces.V.CONCLUSIONIn this paper, we propose new scheduling algorithm to minimize the energy consumption in Parallel Pipe line System. The firefly algorithm (FA) is a meta heuristic algorithm, roused by the intimationing conduct of fireflies. The main role for a fireflys glimmer is to go about as a sign framework to draw in different fireflies. Firefly-based algorithms for scheduling undertaking diagrams and occupation shop scheduling obliges less figuring than all other meta heuristics. Firefly algorithm can tackle streamlining issues in dynamic situations proficiently. The accomplished results show how the proposed model can viably speak to energy and system mindful execution files. In addition, additionally an improvement system in view of the model has been proposed and tentatively assessed.REFERENCES1 Raffaele Bolla, Roberto Bruschi, Alessandro Carrega, and Franco Davoli Green Networking With Packet Processing Engines Modeling and Optimization IEEE/ACMTransaction Networking,Vol.22,No.1,Feb2014.2 A.Bolla and R. Bruschi, Energy-aware load match for parallel packet processing engines, in Proc. 1st IEEE GREENCOM, Sep. 2011, pp. 105112.3 LowEnergyConsumptionNETworks(ECONET)project,2010Online. Available http//www.econet-project.eu4 Energy eFFIcient teChnologIEs for the Networks of Tomorrow (EFFICIENT) project, 2010 Online. Available ht tp//www.tnt.dist. unige.it/efficient5 GreeningtheNetwork(GreenNet)project,2012Online.Available http//www.tnt.dist.unige.it/greennet6 B. Heller et al. , ElasticTree saving power in data center networks, Proceedings of USENIX NSDI2010.7 S. Kandula, D. Katabi, S. Sinha, and A. Berger, Dynamic load balancing without packet reordering, Comput. Commun. Rev., vol. 37, pp. 5162, Mar. 2007.8 R.Bolla,R.Bruschi,A.Carrega,andF.Davoli,Greennetworktechnologies and the art of trading-off, in Proc. 30th IEEE INFOCOM Workshops, Shanghai, China, Apr. 2011, pp. 301306.9 R. Bolla, R. Bruschi, F. Davoli, and F. Cucchietti, Energy efficacy in the future Internet A survey of existing approaches and trends in energy-aware fixed network infrastructures, IEEE Commun. Surveys Tut., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 223244, 2nd Quart., 2011.10 Z. Yi and P. Waskiewicz, Enabling Linux network support of hardwaremultiqueuedevices,inProc.LinuxSymp.,Ottawa,ON,Canada, Jun. 2007, vol. 2, pp. 305310.11 J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, Particle swarm optimisation, in Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 1942-1948 (1995).12 S. Nandy, P. P. Sarkar, A. Das, Analysis of nature-inspired firefly algorithm based back-propagation neural network training, Int. J. Computer Applications, 43(22), 816 (2012).13 S. Palit, S. Sinha, M. Molla, A. Khanra, M. Kule, A cryptographical attack on the knapsack cryptosystem using binary Firefly algorithm, in 2nd Int. Conference on Computer and CommunicationTechnology (ICCCT), 15-17 syndicate 2011, India, pp. 428432 (2011).14 R.Bolla,R.Bruschi,F.Davoli,andA.Ranieri,Energy-awareperformanceoptimizationfornext-generationgreennetworkequipment,in Proc. 2nd ACM SIGCOMM PRESTO, Barcelona, Spain, Aug. 2009, pp. 4954.15 X. S. Yang, Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms, Luniver Press, UK, (2008).16 X. S. Yang, Firefly algorithms for multimodal optimisation, Proc. 5th Symposium on stochastic Algorithms, Foundations and Applications, (Eds. O. Watanabe and T. Zeugm ann), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5792 169-178 (2009).17 X. S. Yang, Engineering Optimisation An Introduction with Metaheuristic Applications, backside Wiley and Sons, USA (2010).

Nestle Fruit Yogurt Company

cling to increase Yogurt Company sneaksnuggle ingathering Yogurt is one of the celebrated point of intersection open uped by nest all over the world. Most of the countries where hold tight has launched it, assimilate genuine the harvest real well. This shows that crossroad has potential and if marketed properly pot do wonder by enhancing Financial argument profits for cling to. Here we argon making an analysis of UAE as Nestls future destination of establish Fruit Yogurt. In this study we ar seeking financial, marketing and preference conceptionning of Nestls launching campaign in very outgrowth year. This analysis com fashion help come on in making decision making whether to launch the product in Emirates and how to launch the product.Executive SummaryA marketing plan ordinarily provides a sound framework for ontogeny of marketing strategy for any product. There is a list of performance items inclusive of objective, sales work out gather up, resource extremity etc. Its very relevant part of the total business plan. In our first submission, we had talked at length regarding cultural and economic analysis related to market and features of offered product. This put up submission ordain be taking us forward from where we had unexpended in the break down assignment. Here, We leave take closer look at the nuances of running a good business like understanding train market, designing suitable promotion strategy, having total overview of diffusion marketing and business processes.The last part has explained in detail to the high-pitchedest degree the benefits of the cling to Fruit Yogurt. It has also explained how it is suitable for UAE climate and how its launch in United Arab Emirates give get through a new trend of having healthy snacks and lunch. We, in last part, also analyzed that the market condition of UAE and preference and desires of Emirates.Now, in this study, we argon pass to study how to market the product how allow it work in the UAE. We atomic number 18 going to analyze deary what impart attract Emirates to our product. tralatitious approach to look at any product that is based on marketing involves the understanding ofFinancial data.Product data gross sales and distribution data Advertising and sales promotion data We ar going to approach this study in this traditional approach to make a comminuted Market launch analysis of the product. (Yogurt) merchandise Plan enteringMarketing Plan bequeath analyze how to strategize the launch of Nestle harvest-feast Yogurt in UAE. It bequeath check out the ad, procession and forwarding plans for this new product. The detailed depart work as the sign plan for the launch of the product in UAE and it allow be subjected to change stepwise as the sale will follow the expectation or will deviate from its initial plan.Marketing preyTarget MarketSince Nestls growth Yogurt will be totally new product in UAE and therefore is not well known. In our last submission, we had highlighted astir(predicate) specifically targeting the age group of 15-35.This was basically based on the uptake trend of this group.Expected Sales Sales objectives define the projected measurement of goods that tail end be sold. accordingly it is very relevant for the success of businesses that pictorial and achievable objectives should be set. We argon expecting the total sale of 650 tonnages of Nestle proceeds Yogurt in United Arab Emirates. Our expectation is very optimistic as it is nearly 60% of the total present market.Profit ExpectationAs we are planning to nonplus 650 tonnages of sale in UAE, therefore we are expecting Nestle to have at least profit of 9% round on the product which comes in the range of 0.09 percent*650 tonnages *9463 AED per tonnage 553,385 AED which is in truth decent as we endure see that this is just a launch year.Promotion MixAdvertisingObjectiveMain objective of advertisement is that it will be to dra wing attention of the health conscious customers towards Nestle fruit Yogurt. Since the Nestle Fruit Yogurt belongs to premium segment where more than stress will be provided to attract urban area customers who are willing to engage several(prenominal)thing new.Actually if we start trying segmenting of the people of UAE, we can segregate UAE people into two major categories. One who unremarkably prefers to have new products present in the market and these people are usually called experimenters. early(a) kind of category which tries to retain their own age-old family utilize brand which usually bar them from taking any new product. see this, we need to make its Nestls image to look as trend-setting and premium class. To make this image, we can try development some Hollywood star who can endorse our product and which is youth icon famous among Emirates. Media MixWe are planning to utilisation the media mix in such(prenominal) a focussing to approach every single people in Emirates to make them aware of this new product coming in the market. Since ours will be the first smart set launching this product on such a large scale in UAE therefore it can shape a tough task to inform to educate consumers about health benefits and differentiation of our product from the entire existing product in the Emirate market. Hence we need to use below given promotion media mix Kiosks publicizing in magazines, television and newspapers. TV program. Banners Billboards.The way we are planning to make this promotion is to have it in various patterns. Actually, In first phase, we are planning to have awareness program. Then in next phase we are planning to market the real product among the Emirates through use of hoarding, kiosks, banners and all the otherwise media methods.MessageNestle Fruit Yogurt should be aiming to recognized as a healthy food product ships fraternity. This company wants to be known as a stanch which usually provides high quality health produ cts. Idea will be to convey its new and premium image to the consumers. Message should be something similar to Taste with health.. Try me. follow advertisingTV ad40000Newspaper Advertisement20000Kiosk Advertisement ten thousandMagazine Advertisement20000Banners10000BillBoards10000Promotion10000Advertising write down $ 120,000.00 Sales Promotion ObjectiveThe objective of sales promotion is usually to attract more and more consumer in the very first year. This will be through by the help of affordable micro trainaging of size small as 100g. This will be the smallest container that should be available among the customer because tinier than this package can affect the brand image of Nestle which is the last thing Nestle company want to do. PremiumsPremium is used in a way in order to associate our product with real use product needed by segment we are planning to target. Since here for Nestle fruit yogurt we are targeting premium segments youth who are unfeignedly conscious about their health we can offer them some viands free sugar product.Coupon Other kind of consumer attraction maneuver that usually comes when some new product is launched is the Coupon Tactics. Here with Nestle fruit yogurt we can plan to give some consumers who are winning lucky draw, a free gym coupon to some posh area gym. approachCost allotted with promotional strategy will be less only as company will be targeting more of awareness and less of sales. whence company will be stressing more on advertisement and less of promotion which appears from the budget itself which allots $10000 only for promotion activities.Personal sellIn the initial stage company is not planning to sell its product the ad hominem selling as this will nullify the companys brand image which is in truth good considering the international brand image of Nestle.Other Promotional methodPromotional strategy which Nestle is planning is already mentioned. As of now, Nestle fruit Yogurt product will not be experim ented using some strange and innovative promotional technique. May be it can work Nestle will not be taking essay in UAE market.Distribution from Origin to DestinationMode of DistributionNestle like all of its dairy product will prefer roadways mode of transportation. It will distribute its product to the wholesalers and retailers through Nestle Van which will have freezing facility available with it. Products are of lesser expiration date therefore it will be preferable for Nestle to have its own distribution system to avoid delayed delivery. rentaging scrape and Labeling RegulationsUsually, on any package, many kinds of labels are used. Many may accommodate product certifications and trademarks and the food authority approvals. In order to utilize full use of packaging, it is suggestible to publicize the health benefits related with Nestle fruit Yogurt through labeling. ContainerizationTo avoid piracy and ease operational want company should always use bar codes, identificat ion and RFID numbers. This should be done for trouble-free shipment tracking of the goods. Another related important feel which needs to be considered is the container standards. It should be of international standard.Costs case use a significant portion of total cost related with a product. For example, in Dairy Product industry, packaging cost may be as high as 30% of total cost. Whatever be the case company should try to reduce this cost as more as possible. Following international standard of hygiene and maintain a premium quality forces impairment to increase to go beyond the limits. accordingly company should try to use some beneficial strategy to reduce the packaging cost to be as low as 10% of the product in long term. monetary value DeterminationTransportation CostIt will be there as always but usually depends who is going to bear this charge company, wholesaler or retailer. Here it will be borne totally by wholesaler only. Wholesaler will need something in order to ta ke this cost and keep making profit. Therefore company is giving hefty commission to the wholesalers 13.5 %. Handling outlaysHandling depreciate for making the product to reach on board to fulfill the requirement of FOB will be borne by company itself. This cost will be included in other miscellaneous cost.Whole and sell Mark Up and DiscountsProduct Cost component part of CostFruit Yogurt Cost(650 ton) $ 1,100,000.00 72.7%Packaging Cost $ 110,000.00 7.3% selling disbursement $ 85,000.00 5.6%Advertising Expense $ 120,000.00 7.9%Distribution Expense $ 93,000.00 6.1%Misc Expense $ 5,000.00 0.3% $ 1,513,000.00 Selling outlay(Profit gross profit 8.7%) $ 1,644,631.00 Final wrongAED priceProduct Cost $ 1,513,000.00 AED 5,555,736.00 Selling price(Profit brink 8.7%) $ 1,644,631.00 AED 6,039,085.03 Selling total we are targeting (Ton)650Company costSelling price per ton $ 2,530.20 AED 9,290.90 Selling price per Kg $2.53 AED 9.29 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.63 AED 2.32 Sell ing Price per 100g pack $ 0.025 AED 0.09 Wholesale Price (13.5% WS Commission)Selling price per Kg $2.87 AED 10.55 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.72 AED 2.64 Selling Price per 100g pack $0.03 AED 0.11 Retail Price (13% Retail Commission)Selling price per Kg $3.25 AED 11.92 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.81 AED 2.98 Selling Price per 100g pack $0.03 AED 0.12 (Statistics, 2003)Pro-formal financial Statement and budgetIntroductionIn this plan we are going to study detailed financials about the Nestle Yogurt Product. The product financial will include product costing and product pricing for the UAE market. Most of the pricing we are doing in $ terms and at last we are converting them in AED terms.Marketing BudgetAdvertisement/Promotion ExpenseAdvertisementTV Advertisement $40,000.00 AED 146,880.00 Newspaper Advertisement $20,000.00 AED 73,440.00 Kiosk Advertisement $10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Magazine Advertisement $20,000.00 AED 73,440.00 Banners $10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 BillB oards $10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Promotion $10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Advertising Expense $ 120,000.00 AED 440,640.00 Distribution ExpenseDistribution Cost origin Payroll $ 20,000.00 AED 73,440.00 Store Management $ 10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Rent $ 10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Utilities $ 10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Depreciation $ 10,000.00 AED 36,720.00 Repair $ 20,000.00 AED 73,440.00 sustainment $ 13,000.00 AED 47,736.00 Total Distribution Expense $ 93,000.00 AED 341,496.00 Product Cost treat milk to Yogurt costRaw product Milk(600 ton) $800,000.00 Processing Variable CostSugarStabilizersFruit /FlavorsBacteria CultureFuelTotal $200,000.00 Processing Fixed Cost $100,000.00 Final Yogurt product(620 ton) $ 1,100,000.00 Product CostPercentage of CostFruit Yogurt Cost(650 ton) $ 1,100,000.00 72.7%Packaging Cost $ 110,000.00 7.3%Selling Expense $ 85,000.00 5.6%Advertising Expense $ 120,000.00 7.9%Distribution Expense $ 93,000.00 6.1%Misc Expense $ 5,000.00 0.3% $ 1,513,000.00 Selling pri ce(Profit Margin 8.7%) $ 1,644,631.00 Final PriceAED priceProduct Cost $ 1,513,000.00 AED 5,555,736.00 Selling price(Profit Margin 8.7%) $ 1,644,631.00 AED 6,039,085.03 Selling Quantity we are targeting (Ton)650Company PriceSelling price per ton $ 2,530.20 AED 9,290.90 Selling price per Kg $2.53 AED 9.29 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.63 AED 2.32 Selling Price per 100g pack $ 0.025 AED 0.09 Wholesale Price (13.5% WS Commission)Selling price per Kg $2.87 AED 10.55 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.72 AED 2.64 Selling Price per 100g pack $0.03 AED 0.11 Retail Price (13% Retail Commission)Selling price per Kg $3.25 AED 11.92 Selling price per 250g Pack $0.81 AED 2.98 Selling Price per 100g pack $0.03 AED 0.12 Other CostMisc Expense$ 4,000.00Pro forma annual profit and loss statement (Profit year)Profit And Loss StatementAEDIncomeRevenue $ 1,644,631.00 AED 6,039,085 ExpenseCost of Goods change 800,000.00 AED 2,937,600 Processing Variable Expense 200,000.00 AED 734,400 Proce ssing Fixed expense 100,000.00 AED 367,200 Packaging Cost $ 110,000.00 AED 403,920 Selling Expense $85,000.00 AED 312,120 Advertising Expense $ 120,000.00 AED 440,640 Distribution Expense $93,000.00 AED 341,496 Misc Expense $ 5,000.00 AED 18,360 Total Expense1,513,000.00 AED 5,555,736 EBIT $ 131,631.00 AED 483,349 Interest $55,000.00 AED 201,960 EBT $76,631.00 AED 281,389 Tax 20% $15,326.20 AED 56,278 realise Income $61,304.80 AED 225,111 (Ng, 2007)Resource Requirements IntroductionWhatever is the marketing plan, until and unless you are not acquiring your Resource requirement fulfilled, you cannot start a business. This section, we will study about the way the company will be able to get its resources right. financeUsually Company gets its finances from either debt or equity or through some stake acquisition by some other firm. It will be totally dependent on cost of upper-case letter of raising money from the market and cost of debt of raising money from debt. We ar e assuming to have overall cost of capital as 5%. The launching project will include total requirement of 1.1 one trillion million out of which company can plan to have 6 million as debt and 5 million as equity. staff officeAny firm while expanding or launching a new product will require some Personnel. The company should be ready with kind of skills portfolio which company will need for its operation. There can be many skills portfolios which company can look into while planning for the launch of new product likeHR force playMarketing PersonnelFinance PersonnelOperation PersonnelSales PersonnelLaborsMachine specialistsDistributor personnelDepending on the scale which we are launching, Companys requirement will be decided. For the 650 tonnages of requirement company will need as per followsMarketing60Sales600 Operations (including distribution and packaging)1200Finance10Human Resource40Information Technology5Production CapacityProduction competency should be planned as per compan ys aim of expanding in future. As per beholding Nestls trend of expansion plan in other countries, we can assume following as companys capacity requirement in future. first year 650 tonnagesSecond course of instruction 900 tonnagesThird Year 1050 tonnagesFourth Year 1200 tonnagesFifth Year 1400 tonnagesNestle should have production capacity accordingly. destructionAs we can see from the analysis, we can conclude that the launch of Nestle Fruit Yogurt in United Arab Emirates will be a sure success. Estimated Income statement of very first year is showing give notice Income of

Examining Qualitative and Quantitative studies with CASP

Examining Qualitative and Quantitative studies with CASPCritical Appraisal Skills Programme/CASP (Public wellness Resource Unit, 2007) a reader should equip with in order to contact signified of scientific seek. The CASP is to help a reader develops critical skills so as to be sensitive of scientific query and, thitherfore, to think pretty ab turn out any(prenominal) look encountered (Public Health Resource Unit, 2007). Both quantitative and soft interrogati whizs nookie be mensurated by using the CASP. Each of the CASP guidelines has cristal fountainheads in which validity, relevance and results of appraised explore have been covered. This assignment has been divided into deuce parts. The first part quantitative musical theme written by Ho et al, (2006) will be appraised. The second part qualitative paper written by Liu and Liehr (2009) will then be appraised. All determinations will be summarized finally.1. Did the study ask a understandably foc utilize question?PI COT is used for functioning the question 1 and it is a framework that healthcargon professionals give the gate use to workulate effective clinical questions in a piecemeal manner (Melnyk Fineout-Overholt, 2010). The population of the study was all the subjects should have one tattoo at least. 120 Chinese subjects with 144 tattoos were recruited for the study. The hinderance of the study was one-half of the subjects were applied Contractubex gel while others were applied nothing. The conclusion to do so was to check the efficacy of the gel. The comparison of the study was study and visualise assemblages atomic number 18 used for comparison as a result of alineing out the efficacy of Contractubex gel. The outcome of the study was the gel should be effective in preventing noticering later the subjects receiving laser remotion of tattoos. The investigate has shown that the number of subjects in Contractubex assort with scarring were signifi female genitaliatly lower than in catch sort. The time of the study was the hard-boiled areas were assessed 3 months after the delay treatments. In short, the research has asked a unobjectionablely focused question- Use of onion extract, heparin, allantoin gel in prevention of scarring in Chinese patients having laser removal of tattoos a prospective haphazardized defyled trial. So the answer is Yes.2. Was this a randomized commandled trial (RCT) and was it appropriately so?A type of scientific experiment most commonly used in validating the effectiveness of health issue, severalise, pharmaceuticals (e.g. gel), sewer be regarded as RCT (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). It involves the random allocation of different interventions to the subjects. Furthermore, as long as the numbers of subjects are adequate, randomization is an effective mode to produce a random and unpredictable sequence of allocations. Regarding to the Ho et al (2006) research, they must adopt RCT. Two marchs lot be shown to support my stan ce. First, it was testing the efficacy of Contractubex gel intervention (health issue) proposed by docs to subjects with tattoo. Second, the 120 subjects were randomly appoint to either Contractubex or Control classify at equal probabilities. In suitability, it was the right research approach for the researched question because it was going to compare result after receiving Contractubex gel with a control group. In short, RCT is the appropriate method and correct approach to conduct this research, as there were devil groups that were allocated randomly, the study group received intervention and the control group did not receive intervention and the answer is Yes.3. Were participants appropriately allocated to intervention and control groups?The answer is Yes. Answer of question 2 has mentioned that the 120 subjects were allocated into the two groups randomly. In research term, complete randomization has been adopted. Complete randomization heart and soul to each one tattooed subject was randomly assigned to either of the groups. It is simple and optimal in the scent out of validity to prevent accidental crook (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). In randomization procedure, the researchers adopted fifty-fifty basis allocation (60 subjects in Contractubex group and 60 subjects in Control group). In this research stratification can be received. Stratification means developing strata for sampling (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). 60 subjects in control group and 60 subjects in study group is a typical example of stratification. The purpose to do so is that since most statistical tests, say, the paired students t test are most authentic when the groups existence compared have equal subjects (Gallin Ognibene, 2007), it is desirable for the randomization procedure to generate confusablely-sizingd groups. In short, as all participants were assigned to Contractubex and Control groups appropriately.4. Were participants, lag and study military force blind to participants s tudy group?The supra parties tacit the details of the research. Ho et al (2006) paper mentioned that informed agree was bring forthed from all subjects. Informed consent is a process of communication between a subject and doctor that results in the subjects authorization or agreement to undergo a particular medical intervention (Berg et al, 2001). On the one hand, blinded research can avoid bias. However, it is impossible for some treatments. For example, treatments where active participation of the subjects are infallible (e.g. regularly receiving laser therapy with the application of the gel). In research personnel, certainly they understood the details of the research, for instance, employing Q-switched laser systems as well as its spot sur confront and repeat rate and pulse duration. They were unable to perform the research successfully otherwise. Nonetheless, whether the control group received placebo gel and the assessor of the scars k innovative the research details or not did not mention. In brief, open trial (the above parties understood the details of the treatment) sort of of blind trial was employed and the answer seems No.5. Were all of the participants who entered the trial accounted for at its conclusion?Originally, there were 60 subjects in the control group and 60 subjects in the study group. However, there were 8 out of 60 subjects in the study group quitted the research. 5 out of 8 apparently defaulted follow-up and 3 out of 8 halt using the gel due to adverse effect. In the control group, there were 5 out of 60 subjects quitted the research. 4 out of 8 simply did not follow-up and 1 out of 8 stopped using the gel due to have a baby. Although, there were a few subjects quitting from the research due to personal affairs, the groups size still remained connatural (52 in Contractubex and 55 in Control groups) and the researchers have already account such discrepancy. In other words, intention to treat was used as it is a dodging for the summary of RCT that compares subjects in the groups to which they were originally randomly assigned (Gallin Ognibene, 2007) and the answer is Yes.6. Were the participants in all groups followed up and information dispassionate in the same way?In the former, the subjects were followed up from 13 to 20 months with a mean of 15.5 + 2.6 months. The importance of the follow up was to review the probability of scar formation after applying the gel. Likely, the research personnel followed up the subjects after the last laser treatment. However, the same amount of assist to the subjects from the research personnel becomes funny because the researchers did not describe how to review the subjects. More intricately, how much time the researchers go on on each subject for review? In addition, cognitive operation bias whitethorn occur. For instance, if research personnel know which group subjects are in, they whitethorn treat subjects differently (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). In this as pect, cant tell seems appropriate. In the latter, Yes in terms of information hoardion in the same way, the researchers should collect the data during clinical observation. Clinical observation is the research personnel directly observe any changes during the study period and then record the changes. Data analysis can be done by using statistical packet (e.g. SAS). In short, the answers were Yes in the way of data collection only. The amount of attention to the subjects need the research personnel further clarification otherwise performance bias may be odded.7. Did the study have enough participants to smear the play of chance?The meaning of the play of chance can be explained by the following example, taking a comparison of the Contractubex group with the control group in which 4 subjects scar formation with the Contractubex group and 6 subjects scar formation with the control group. It would be incorrect to conclude that the Contractubex group was better than the Control g roup. It is because if the comparison was repeated, the numbers of subjects who formed scar great power be same (5 against 5). However, 7 subjects scar formation with the gel and 16 subjects without the gel, chance becomes a less likely explanation for the deflexion. In Ho et al (2006) study, numbers of subjects were enough to lessen the play of chance. Sample size can be determined by a formula by inputting population size and confidence level as well as margin of error and response distribution. On the one hand, significant difference between the two groups was observed. Power calculation can facilitate the research personnel determines how large of a sample the research personnel needs to desexualise particular(prenominal) statistical conclusions (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). Therefore, statistical significance was the robust evidence to prove the play of chance impossible.8. How are the results presented and what is the main result and9. How precise are these results?Comparison of the intervention and control groups using the p-value has been presented. The main aligning was that the application of the gel was useful to prevent scar formation after laser removal of tattoos. In accuracy of the results, p-value 10. Were all important outcomes considered so the results can be applied?The research proved that the gel was effective, safe, and loose to apply in the prevention of scarring in Chinese subjects having laser removal of tattoos. Nonetheless, 100% scar removal is not guaranteed after using the gel. The results revealed that there were a few subjects who still have scarring. In addition, permanent hypopigmentation and fugacious hyperpigmentation can be noted. On the other hand, you may argue that the results may be affected by a political factor, that is a obligate from the pharmaceutical company, Ho et al (2006) have indicated that no significant interestingness with commercial supporters at the beginning of the research. In short, the research p rovides a reliable reference to healthcare professionals that the gel is recommended to be used in stern skin patients receiving laser treatments of tattoos.Ten questions have been answered to help me make sense of quantitative research. Also, ten questions are used to help me make sense of qualitative research. Qualitative research is a generic term for inquiring methodologies described as ethnographic, naturalistic, field, or participant observer research. It unders cell nucleuss the importance of smell at variables in the natural setting in which they are put together (Sliverman, 2004).1. Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research?Qualitative PICOT is a framework that healthcare professionals can use to formulate effective clinical questions in a step-by-step manner (Melnyk Fineout-Overholt, 2010).The population of the study was the sextuplet nurses who had experiences in taking care of severe acute respiratory syndrome patients. The issue of the study was iden tifying educative messages to guide nursing practice in future epidemics by in-depth wonder of the six Chinese nurses who cared for severe acute respiratory syndrome patients. The context of the study was where the study takes place. The research mainly takes place in Beijing. The outcome of the study was the research gave specific direction to enhance potential for a well-prepared nursing workforce in future epidemics. The time of the study was the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreaks between 11/2002-5/2004 and data were collected in 2003 within the three months following the nurses quarantine necessitated by caring for severe acute respiratory syndrome patients.. In brief, the answer is Yes.2. Is a qualitative methodology appropriate?Qualitative research is to study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. It is think to penetrate to the deeper significance that the subject o f the research ascribes to the topic being researched (Denzin, 2005). Interviews, observations and illustration studies are commonly used for data collection and then crumple the data. Samples are usually puny and are often selected purposively. Qualitative research uses detailed definitions from the participants as ways of examining specific issues under study. The research method employed by the researchers was appropriate because the following criteria were matched- detailed description instead of statistical software were used and number of participants was quite small- only six. In addition, the researchers adopted phenomenology. The phenomenological approach is to describe accurately a persons lived experience in relation to what is being studied (i.e. the six Chinese nurses caring for SARS patients) (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). In short, the answer is Yes.3. Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research?Appropriate method (i.e. in-depth interview) fo r conducting the research was used. In-depth interview is a form of qualitative research technique that involves conducting intensive individual interviews (i.e. the six nurses) with a small number of respondents to explore their views on a particular idea (i.e. communion in caring SARS patients). In the study, the researchers asked participants about their experiences and insights regarding to the caring for SARS patients, the thoughts they have concerning nursing care, challenge, and outcomes as well as about any changes the participants perceive in themselves as a result of their involvement in the study (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). In addition, rich contextual information can be obtained and the research personnel can ask the six nurses to elaborate their communion in details through the in-depth interview. So the answer is Yes4. Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research?Six nurses were invited to share their experiences in caring for SARS patients. The six nurses were no objections and voluntary to share their encounter after enquired by research personnel. In other words, a reader should not suspect their willingness of participation. The recruitment strategy was appropriate, because if reward- found (e.g. bonus to interviewees) and compulsory-based recruitment were offered to potential interviewees, the accuracy and dependability of data should be suspected. To achieve the aims of the research, nurses were voluntary to share their stories and they provided detailed descriptions with particular prompting were important to the aims of the research. In other words, it starts with a purpose in mind and the sample is selected to include interested party (i.e. nurses with experience in caring of SARS patients) and exclude those who do not suit the purpose and purposive sampling was used (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). So the answer is Yes.5. Were the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue?To collect data, a falsehoodpa th approach was used. Research personnel recorded what the six nurses presented by a tape recorder. Seven inquiry phases were associated with storypath approach, including gathering the story, reconstructing the story, connecting it to the literature, naming the complicating challenge, describing the story plot, identifying movement toward resolving, and gathering additional stories (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). In application, specific questions were asked by the research personnel, for instance, challenge the nurses were facing during caring for SARS victims, how the experience influence your hopes and dreams in the coming future. The data collection methods must observe the ethical principles of research. In short, the answer is Yes.6. Has the kin between researcher and participants been adequately considered?This research paper mentioned that the stories of the six nurses were collected by two Chinese investigators, It was hard to say that any potential bias and influence occurred b ecause the research personnel simply mentioned that they were responsible for(p) for gathering the stories from the participants and supporting activities, say, properly use of tape recording. Apparently, the relationship between the research personnel and participants were nothing, but participants may be influenced by the research team or in professional term- reflexivity. Reflexivity requires an knowingness of the researchers contribution to the construction of meanings throughout the research process, and an acknowledgment of the impossibility of remain outside of the six nurses while conducting research. In short, the answer of this question is Yes.7. pay ethical issues been taken into consideration?Oral consent is a kind of ethical issue. Kozier et al, 2004 define the consent is an essential part of the research process, and as such entails more than obtaining a signature on a form (Kozier et al, 2004). Research personnel must educate potential subjects to ensure that they can reach a real informed choice about whether or not to participate in the research. Consent must be stipulation freely and with no coercion as well as based on a clear understanding of what participation involves. On the one hand, the above study has been approved by the Universitys ethics committee. The committee is responsible for reviewing, on request, ethical or moral questions that may come up during the study. In brief, the answer is Yes.8. Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous?In-depth description of the analysis process was shown in Liu Liehr (2009) paper. The authors described every phase elaborately and in step-by-step pattern. There were total 5 phases of the content analysis for the nurses caring for SARS patients. The content shared by the six nurses was similar because of geographical reason and the consistent format of the interview. Such arrangement provided persuade analysis to a reader. In fact, thematic analysis was employed by the researchers. It means focuses on identifiable themes (i.e. sharing of nursing care of SARS patients) and data is analysed by theme. This type of analysis is highly inductive, that is, the themes emerge from the data and are not imposed upon it by the research personnel (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). In short, the answer is Yes.9. Is there a clear statement of findings?It is crystal clear that there were three core qualities (personal challenge, essence of care and self-growth) the researchers found. Each case was described in-details with concrete example of the original words from the six nurses. In addition, instructive messages for guidance during future epidemics were also provided. The findings were highly related to the research question. In brief, a clear statement of the findings was clear and evidences were provided to support each quality the answer is Yes.10. How valuable is the research?The researchers discovered three core qualities and instructive messages regarding to SARS patients caring. Suc h discovery greatly increases preparedness by attending the messages including structured support, disease/protection-related information systems and the power of military spirit. by chance the above components can be further researched so as to obtain greater improvements. In addition to enhance preparedness and identify new areas where researches are necessary, the findings are universal applicable. Healthcare frontline staff may face the problems when caring for SARS patients, say, lack of resources. Clinical leader may find the importance of structured support and collaborative spirit to relieve the staff pressure. In short, the value of this research is valuable.ConclusionTo sum up, the CASP guidelines can appraise both quantitative and qualitative researches. The guidelines include ten questions in which provide comprehensive evaluation of the above studies. The guidelines are particular useful in appraising health and social researches. Furthermore, the CASP guidelines aim t o enable readers to develop the skills to find out and make sense of research evidence, helping them to put cognition into practice. (Word count 3212)

Limitation of GDP as a Measure of Economic Welfare

Limitation of sodding(a) domestic product as a Measure of stinting Welf atomic number 18IntroductionThere are respective(a) unalike indicators utilize by the economists to quantity the ontogeny of the deliverance and gross domestic product should be the superstar most comm only utilize in practice. It could radiate the quantitative changes of the frugal development, but its qualities. The terminus ad quem of gross domestic product in this area prevents it from measuring the stinting wellbeing muckle bring in. This essay will discuss how gross domestic product is reckon and the limitations of GDP in measuring the frugal public assistance. There will be also the introduction of the replacements of GDP which are essential to measure the economic eudaimonia.The Concept of Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and Its CalculationGDP is the abbreviation of unrefined domestic product. It refers to the market jimmy of all the nett goods and services produced by peerless co untry or region with the production factors in one year or in certain period of time (Gutierrez et al., 2007). It was source actual by the economist Simon Kuz meshs in the 1930s and has been gradually use by the governments of various countries to measure the total care for of the yield of the rescue after the Second land War. Since then, GDP has been the indicator for the measurement of development take aim of the economy. It is an important index of the general situation of the macroeconomics, which reflects the developments of the economy.GDP belongs to the case of the measuring of the aggregate economy. There are brinyly tierce regularitys to depend the value of GDP, namely, the production admittance, the income approach and the expenditure approach. They reflect the results of the national economy from different take places.The production approach searchs the economic results by summarizing the total output values of all the sectors of the economy and subtracting the value of all the intermediate goods. The approach only includes the value added in the production process, so it is also called the value added approach (Viet, 2009). The bit method is the income approach. It focuses on the income generated in the production process. dissimilar production factors are involved in the production process and they whoremonger get the income per their relevant contribution to the economic activities. The summary of all the incomes of the various production factors is the result of the economic activities. For example, labors and capitals are the main(prenominal) factors use in the production. So their incomes, the wages and the interest constitute the main part of the GDP calculated by theincome approach (Viet, 2012). The expenditure approach calculates the GDP from the view of the final exercises of the products and services. The results of the final products and services usually include two main parts, the consumption and the investing. And consumption covers the need from the household sectors, the government and the foreign consumers. So in the expenditure approach, GDP includes the household consumption, the investment, the government spending and the net exports. In practice, the expenditure approach is most common method used by the government of countries in the world. (Viet, 2011)The Limitations of GDPThe changes of GDP could reflect the skid of the economic development and most of the countries consider the enlarge of GDP as the targets of the economic issue. Although GDP has been used widely as the indicator to measure the development aim of the world economy, there are inherent limitation and weaknesses in this method that prevents its wider use in the economic growth. And it particularly reduces the expertness of GDP in evaluating the economic upbeat. The main limitation of GDP is that it does non reflect all the contents of the economic activities, which weakens the role of GDP as the indicator of th e economic welfare.GDP can non reflect the overall situation of races welfareGenerally speaking, the economic growth could bring the increase of stacks income, as well as their economic welfare. The per capita GDP is usually used to indicate the average level of peoples income in the countries. And it is also used to classify the counties of their economic development levels. solely it cannot reflect the differences of the peoples welfare caused by the differences of income distribution. For example, for the man having no money at all, he could become a billionaire in hurt of the per capita GDP when there is only he and Bill Gates in his country. unless he is not likely to enjoy the same welfare as Bill. So GDP, or the per capita GDP masks the veridical situation of the welfare people really get (Brenger and Verdier-Chouchane, 2007).Besides, there are plenty of things in peoples welfare, not just the economic one. The leisure and family amusement are also very important part o f the welfare. People would overhear little time to spend with families when they are busy in producing the final products and services. The increase of the GDP does not mean the increase of peoples overall welfare.The non-market economic activitiesBesides, what GDP does not cover is the non-market economic activities. Per the image of GDP, it reflects the market values of the final products and services. For the products and services that are not interchange on the market, their values are hard to evaluate. For example, the household full treatment washed-up by the full-time housewives, like cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the olds and children, are not paid in by the family. So they are not include in the calculation of GDP. provided if these works are done by the baby-sitters who hired and paid by the families, they will be covered by GDP, since they set out the market values. In the developed countries, there is a gamy level of the marketization of the housework. T he children will be sent to kindergartens, olds to the nursing home. People have more chance to eat outside instead of cooking home. on the whole these works will be calculated in GDP. entirely in the development countries, most of the housework is finished by the numbers of the family. And their efforts are not recognized by the market and the GDP. The same household works will make different contributions to the calculation of GDP in different countries. But for people no matter in the developed countries or the developing ones, these works increase their welfare (Bridgman et al., 2012).In the calculation of GDP, the lack of these non-market economic activities reduces the ability of GDP to give a full reflectance of the economic activities. So it could not tell the execute welfare people get from the economic activities.GDP does not reflect the eccentric of the economic developmentWhat people could get from GDP is just the number of the value added in the given time. It on ly reflects the number changes of the output of the economy or the quantitative growth of the economy. The quality of the output and the economy cannot be answered by this indicator. And the growth of GDP does not equal with the economic growth, since the economic growth also contains the improvement of the economic quality (Costanza et al., 2009).For example, the increase of GDP could not tell how the economy grows. There are usually three goaded forces of the economy, the consumption, the investment and the exportation. If the increase of the GDP is caused by the consumption from the household sector, the quality of the economic growth could be considered as a good growth. But if it is mainly driven by the investment, especially the one in the real estate market or the infrastructures, the quality of the economic growth is expenditure to worry, since this kind of growth cannot sustain for a long time. The investment only increases the number of GDP, but not the welfare people cou ld get.When using GDP as the main indicator to assess the economic growth, there would be some strange things in the development plans and practices of the governments. They would have the motivation to investment huge funds in the building of the infrastructures, like roads, railways and airports, since these projects would generate keen increase of GDP. And they dont have to consider whether these projects are necessary or not, which could cause the waste of the social and economic resources. Besides, accidents would be welcomed by the governments, since they also can increase the GDP. When there are accidents, the new vehicles or properties will be needed to replace the ones damaged in the accidents, which operator the increase of the final products and services. But peoples welfare does not see any increase in these activities (Costanza et al., 2009).What GDP provides is just the rimy numbers about the amount changes of the economy. It cannot reflect the quality of the econo mic growth.The surround cost and pollutionExcept for the limitation in calculating the complete contents and quality of the economic growth, GDP also cannot reflect the secluded costs of the economic growth, particularly the environment cost of the economic activities. GDP only covers the costs that could be exchanged and valued in the market. These environment costs, like the environmental psychological disorder and pollution, usually cannot be valued in the market and they are not calculated by GDP (Costanza et al., 2009).When developing the economy, it is needed to consume the natural resources from the environment. But the resources are limited. The excessive usage of the recourses in the current economic activities could bring the negative influence on the future development. And the economic growth is not sustainable in this model. But this cannot be reflected by GDP. Meanwhile, economic growth could cause the environmental disruption and pollution. These are also the costs of the economic growth. However, they are not include in GDP, since Mother Nature does not charge the price in humans economic activities. And the stupid humans will not calculate these costs until they pay for it.The Replacements of GDPThe limitations of GDP mentioned above have been assailable in practice and there have been some other indicators developed to replace GDP. These replacements of GDP make up the limitation of GDP in evaluating the welfare people get in the economic activities and help people to have a better understanding of the welfare people get from the economy.In this process, there are main two directions for the measurement of the economic welfare. One direction is to measure the total level of the economic welfare. This method is easy to measure and the result could reflect the differences between different countries. The second direction is to get the per capita level of the economic welfare. These two directions could be seen as the same one, since it is e asy to get the per capita results when people get the total level of the welfare.The GNI-Lorenz curveSince GDP cannot reflect the differences of the national income distribution, the Lorenz Curve is then developed to indicate the condition of the income distribution. It is developed in a coordinate trunk with the percentage of income and households as the axis. It reflects how the wealth of one country is distributed among the households. People could find the level of the inequality in the income distribution per the camber of the Lorenz Curve (Helene, 2010).The gross domestic income (GDI)The gross domestic income or GDI is another indicator used to reflect the condition of the economy. It calculates the income generated by the economic activities, which includes the compensation of employees, the gross direct surplus and the gross mixed income. This indicator could be seen as the adaptation of GDP calculated in the income approach (Fixler, Greenaway-McGrevy and Grimm, 2011). Si nce peoples welfare is largely influenced by the income level, so the changes of GDI could reflect the situation of peoples welfare.The physical quality of look index (PQLI)The physical quality of life index is developed by David Morris in the mid-1970s. This index is consisted of three main indicators, the literacy rate, the infant morality rate and the indexed life expectancy. The average value of these three indicators is the level of the physical quality of life. This index is easy to measure and understand. But it does not reflect the complete contents of the welfare. And the excessive attention to the wellness indicators reduces its ability to give a full explanation of the welfare level (Brenger and Verdier-Chouchane, 2007).ConclusionThe gross domestic product can partly reflect the results of the economic activities. But it cannot reflect the economic welfare, the non-market economic activities, the quality of the economic growth, and the environment cost and pollution. The se limitations prevent GDP from measuring the economic welfare people get from the economic activities. So that people have developed the new methods to replace GDP to measure the economic welfare.ReferencesBrenger, V. and Verdier-Chouchane, A., 2007. three-dimensional Measures of Well-Being Standard of Living and Quality of Life across Countries. World Development, 35(7), pp. 1259276.Bridgman, B., Dugan, A., Lal, M., Osborne, M. and Villones, S., 2012. Accounting for Household proceeds in the National Accounts, 19652010. Survey of menses Business, May, pp.23-36Costanza, R., Hart, M., Posner, S. and Talberth, J., 2009. Beyond GDP The Need for New Measures of Progress. The Pardee Papers No. 4. capital of Massachusetts Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future.Fixler, D.J., Greenaway-McGrevy, R. and Grimm, B.T., 2011, Revisions to GDP, GDI, and Their Major Components. Survey of Current Business, July, pp.9-31.Gutierrez, C.M., Glassman, C.A., Landefeld, J.T. and Marcuss , R.D., 2007. Measuring the rescue A Primer on GDP and the National Income and Product Accounts. Washington, D.C. representation of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce.Helene, O., 2010, Fitting Lorenz Curves. Economics Letters, 108, pp.153-55.Viet, V.Q., 2009. GDP by Production Approach A General Introduction with Emphasis on an co-ordinated Economic Data Collection Framework. New York United Nations Statistics Division.Viet, V.Q., 2011. GDP by Final Expenditure Approach an Operational Guide for Using commodity Flow Approach. New York United Nations Statistics Division.Viet, V.Q., 2012. Income Approach to GDP and Other Issues Relating to the digest of Household Income and usance Expenditures. International Workshop on Household Income, Consumption and Full Accounting of the Households Sector, 26-28 March, Beijing. China.

White Male Power vs the Other Essay -- Race, The Power of an Illusion

AbstractThomas Kings story, Youll Never Believe What Happened Is Al styluss a Great Way To work, Race, Class and Gender in Asian America by pine Le Espiritu and Zebra Growing up Black and White in Canada by Lawrence Hill all illustrate how people of minority deal with their intersectionality of gender, turn tail and ethnicity and their limitations that the dominant political orientation of the west puts on them.IntroductionSince the beginning of judgment of conviction stories were a major influence in the ways generations would pass level experience to the younger generations. The index number of stories and storytelling teaches individuals valuable lessons and good morals that protagonist mold them into reasonable citizens. In westbound society children are loose to stories since childhood whether it is through parents telling their child a story, children over earshot people talk about a story or physically reading a story themselves. Once individuals are exposed to a story, they muckle never take back the knowledge and the information they confine gained. In addition, what story you read or hear and what the storytellers intersectionality and bias are influences how you as an individual look at the world. The power of storytelling allows people of minority the other to educate while bringing more(prenominal) awareness in inequality in their intersectionality of gender, track, and ethnicity as it is becoming a norm that the dominant ideology of the west decides to ignore, as it benefits them. Therefore, intersectionality in western society limits individuals of minority, as the dominant ideology of the west shows a vacuous man having the power over all individuals. As the only way western society is capable in allowing their citizens full potentational to grow is to under... ...nicity and race are different they are all really interconnected in concert and face discrimination against the same source that is the dominant ideology of the w est. The knowledge we acquire through the authors experiences makes the reader really think about the candid but in the end each individual chooses to do what they exigency with that knowledge and one can either follow in the travel of the power of the dominant ideology of the west or people can stand up for what they believe in and become activists so that next generations will not become a stereotype that the dominant ideology of the west negatively affects them. Works CitedEspiritu,Yen Le. Race,Class&Gender in Asian america. In Making Waves New writing by Asian American Women.Hill,Lawrence, Zebra increase up black and white in canadaKing,Thoma, Youll never belive what happebned

Chasing Ghosts :: Personal Narrative Writing

Chasing GhostsA rather unnatural wind would blow by means of our townspeople. We used to sit around the Sunday dinner table and differentiate prayers from the Bible after my experience had cleared the dishes. But first, in secretiveness we would glance at the dark brown swirls of color in the wood, resting our chins on crossed arms. We could hear the grate and grind of metal forks and knives against plates as my mother soaped the dishes in the kitchen. The hiss of the faucet would stop, and after the sound of her cotton forestages catching on the splintery wall, the apron left hung to dry, she would start from the swinging door, the kitchen light flashing like a strobe into the eat room with each swoop of the doors swing, yawning grant then snapping back shut, on and off, on and off. She would seat herself back at the table, her chair complaining with a low creak and moan as she sat. My father, meanwhile, would be off staring into the cornfield, always inspecting those rows t hat stood at-the- involvey, motionless for miles. Would you like to read tonight, Luke? I know this is one of your favorite stories. This was not a question, so much as a command disguised as thrill proposition. With silent obedience I would thumb to the desired verse, flipping page by page in order to stall for as long as possible. The whole time she would watch me, her head clamped into rigid position as if her graying hair, having pulled itself into a tight bun, had also cinched itself around her neck muscles. After an unendingly long interval, she would utter words of salvation and great joy. Thank you Luke. That was wondrously read. We would transfer ourselves onto the couch by the television. Father Morrissey would be on. Out the corners of my eyes, I would catch patches of light and color throbbing across the screen. I would stare out the window into the silent boredom that would drape itself over the town with every nightfall. My father would catch me, Luke, watch the tel evision, you will not do this Christian family shame, but I knew that he was as indifferent as I was. From past the miles of drab houses and empty fields and speechless crops, I would wait for it, for anything, to come.At night, while our parents slept, my brother and I would talk.

How Children Deal with Death :: Papersb Stages Psychology Essays

How Children Deal with demolitionDeath is hard to deal with for e reallyone, but for childrenespecially they view goal in various ways at different senesces. At these ages children need protagonister and guidance from their parents. The first step is to help them feel a art object of the wholeexperience, doing this will allow them to deal with the dying. The rest is counciling and (quick step number two) the parentsmain part should be to take care while the child addresss, doing thisis very helpful for understanding the child. This is also verybenneficial because it gives the child a chance to get his/herfeelings off, this relieves certain tensions. So in order tohelp children get through the grieving process age and maturitylevel of the child must be concidered, and council should be bear on around the limitations of those statistics.Infants are one group, with no real understanding of deceasebut they can contradict to the way their parent/s react/s to loss. When the p hysical love that a parent can stick out is suddenlymissing, the child does concur fears of separation. Infants arealso very tuned in to their parents feelings of stress andsadness. In relation to these feelings there might be historiedphysical expressions such as crying, crankiness, rashes andclinging. How one can handle this is to talk with others aboutones concerns with family members, or even the funeral directorhe/she has a good chance of knowing what to do. Seek support andhelp from family and friends. Parent/s should try spending moretime from each one day with the child to ensure a secure feeling for thechild. (Wolfelt) I have learned on the Discovery channel thatchildren who are physically touched develop better and morefully, so loving them patting them and attribute them often doesworlds of help. (experiment covered by the Discovery channel)For children ages two and a half to five this is the stageat which the child is likely to confuse death as a reversibleeve nt like sleeping. Or the death of someone close to them couldbe viewed as punishment for something they have through make surethey know this is not so. Children of this age are self-involvedand mean everything that happens to be caused by them or thatthey will catch death and die as well. A child might alsobelieve death to always be result of violence, this belief mighthave come from what they see on TV. Behaviors to look for arethe child demo little concern for favorite TV shows, going

The Sun Also Rises, The Snows of Kilimanjaro, and The Short Happy Life

The temperateness excessively Rises, The Snows of Kilimanjaro, and The niggling quick emotional state of Francis Macomber by Ernest HemingwayIn the short story, The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber, author Ernest Hemingway introduces the reader to the Macombers, a loveless marry couple who is on a hunting safari in Africa. after(prenominal) an episode in which Francis runs away from a lion that he is hunting, unless of the couples problems be complete exposed. His wife Margot is cold and callous to Francis because of his cowardice. The delicacy of their relationship is get along exposed by the presence of their guide and pro hunter Robert Wilson. He was a contrast to Francis in many ways. He was not as tall, well dressed or well train as Francis and he also did not show a point of fear when the 2 were hunting the lion. These characters are certainly not the offset printing couples that Hemingway described, nor are they the only ones involved in a love triangle. T hey do however, demonstrate the superior deterioration of a relationship when compared to other Hemingway couples from The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Sun a ilk Rises. before comparing the Macombers to any other couple it is key to account for the temper of their relationship. From the descriptions, both are well-built and attractive people. Macombers wife even do a living off her looks by endorsing bang products. Francis was truly tall, very well built and considered hand or so (p. 122). An 11-year marriage has understandably begun to take its toll, however, and Macombers cowardice when hunting the lion only supply his wifes frustration with their relationship. She refuses to converse with him for the rest of the day and come nighttime, she disappears for over twain hours to have sex with Wils... ... set aside his inhibitions and give-up the ghost by the hunters code. Francis did not have a charwoman who loved him like Jake or Harry, but he finally was able to find a code to live by, even if it was only a short and clever time. All of the male characters in relationships are execrable from one clay of powerlessness or another. Jakes and Harrys were of a somatic nature, while Francis was emotional. The emotional impotence, however, proved to be the almost damaging. Jake and Harry calm down had women who loved them despite their inability to perform in the bedroom. Francis had no visible ailments. His wife however perceived his emotional impotence to be a great source of embarrassment and caused their relationship to be the most discontentedness of the three. Virility, while important to all of the women on some level, was only a determining factor of love for Margot and Francis. The Sun Also Rises, The Snows of Kilimanjaro, and The Short Happy Life The Sun Also Rises, The Snows of Kilimanjaro, and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber by Ernest HemingwayIn the short story, The Short Happy Life of Francis Ma comber, author Ernest Hemingway introduces the reader to the Macombers, a loveless married couple who is on a hunting safari in Africa. After an episode in which Francis runs away from a lion that he is hunting, all of the couples problems become exposed. His wife Margot is cold and callous to Francis because of his cowardice. The fragility of their relationship is further exposed by the presence of their guide and professional hunter Robert Wilson. He was a contrast to Francis in many ways. He was not as tall, well dressed or well groomed as Francis and he also did not show a hint of fear when the two were hunting the lion. These characters are certainly not the first couples that Hemingway described, nor are they the only ones involved in a love triangle. They do however, demonstrate the greatest deterioration of a relationship when compared to other Hemingway couples from The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Sun Also Rises. Before comparing the Macombers to any other couple it is important to account for the nature of their relationship. From the descriptions, both are well-built and attractive people. Macombers wife even made a living off her looks by endorsing beauty products. Francis was very tall, very well built and considered handsome (p. 122). An 11-year marriage has clearly begun to take its toll, however, and Macombers cowardice when hunting the lion only fueled his wifes frustration with their relationship. She refuses to converse with him for the rest of the day and come nighttime, she disappears for over two hours to have sex with Wils... ... set aside his inhibitions and live by the hunters code. Francis did not have a woman who loved him like Jake or Harry, but he finally was able to find a code to live by, even if it was only a short and happy time. All of the male characters in relationships are suffering from one form of impotence or another. Jakes and Harrys were of a physical nature, while Francis was emotional. The emotional im potence, however, proved to be the most damaging. Jake and Harry still had women who loved them despite their inability to perform in the bedroom. Francis had no physical ailments. His wife however perceived his emotional impotence to be a great source of embarrassment and caused their relationship to be the most discontent of the three. Virility, while important to all of the women on some level, was only a determining factor of love for Margot and Francis.