Subnet Masking And Addressing :: essays research papers

Ok, this explains subnet sumressing which is utilitarian if you run a s enkindlener, a firew all told, a router or anything else that is bound to IP subnet channelressing. Note that this only describes IPv4 subnets. Reading double star values      Normally, you read binary numbers bytewise (8 bit wise). Start at the last bit, bit 0. If it is 1, add 20 to your number, else add 0. Then the next bit, bit 1, If it is 1, add 21 (2) to your number, If bit 3 is 1 add 22 (4) to your number, if bit 4 is 1 add 23 (8) to your number ... if bit 8 is 1 add 27 (128) to your number. You see, the base is always 2 because it can be either 0 or 1. Example 1 10100100 = 27+0+25+0+0+0+22+0+0 = 164 Example 2 11111111 = 27+26+25+24+23+22+21+20 = 255 Thats it Now to subnet addressing.     When you adduce a host including a subnet (example nmap), you do it equal this 1.2.3.4/24, where /24 is the subnet. Lets down a look at what this means an IP address is a 32 bi t address. It is divided into 4 bytes (each 8 bits meaning they can be 0 to 255) in general notation00000001 00000010 00000011 00000100 = "1.2.3.4"now, IP uses unrivaled part of this address to specify which Net it is on. Most of the time, this is a somatogenetic Net like an ethernet LAN that is linked to the internet. Nets that link to the internet wreak dedicated IPs for each of their hosts from the IANA.org. /24 means that the first 24 bits are the Net address and the remaining 8 bits are the Host address. This looks like this Net 000000010000001000000011 Host 00000100 Meaning, we are on the net 1.2.3.0 (0 used as a wildcard here) and on the host 4 of 256.      SUBNET MASK In this case, the subnet secrete would be 255.255.255.0. A subnet mask is created simply by filling all NET address bits with 1 and the HOST bits with 0. (11111111 = 255). There are 4 "Classes" on the Internet, which are the standard Subnets.      *Cl ass A "0" + 7 net bits + 24 host bits, hosts 0.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 Net IDs 0 0000000 to 0 1111111 (which is 127 => 127.0.0.0 speechless for local loopback)      *Class B "10" + 14 net bits + 14 host bits, hosts 128.

The Great Gatsby : The American Dream :: essays research papers

In The Great Gatsby, one of the predominant themes is the death of thee American ambitiousness. In this, F. Scott Fitzgerald is showing how the American dream has become corrupt and that the dream is dead.. The Great Gatsby took place in the nose drops twenties. A time when spell no longer found felicitousness in simple pleasures equivalent he did once such as life liberty and the sake of gratification. This is when the first breakdown in the American dream occurred. The idealization of the American dream was over, people took what they were born with for granted and did not miss what the never had.Things that the dream stood for such, as life was not an issue that people talked about. in that location was an unspoken silence of live and let live even though there was vast amounts of discrimination. Liberty, a thing taken for granted since wholly born on American soil are free manpower and women, thus no one cherishes that part of the dream either. The pursuit of happiness is befuddling. Daisy asks this clear by saying Your revolting to tom. Obviously shes unhappy with tom notwithstanding she wont leave him for Gatsby. Daisy made this clear when Gatsby gave her the ring and she wouldnt ware it. And she verbalize be my friend, be my lover meaning she wanted him yet she wanted her life of talk with the in crowd more then she loved Gatsby. However this is a generation that is comparable to our generation x children in how lazy they were. The roaring twenties was an era off sophistication, technology and leisure. People had what they had ant what they didnt the lived with out.The American dream itself is reckon. It was first thought of during the American Revolution as a way to keep spirits up. The motto, life liberty and the pursuit of happiness is not by any means a dream only an aspect of a way to make a certain existence for oneself. Then as time went on, the time period to actually make this dream a reality was passed over, people no longer li ved a hard life or struggled for freedom. So the dream itself got left behind. We idealized it and later in the roaring twenties, that idealization was recognized by F Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby was Fitzgeralds cry out to the American people. A metaphor mean to make people aware that they had forgotten about the true pleasures in life and that they were wrapped up in the material world.

Hamburger and Materials Management Essay

Resources Ch. 12 of Introduction to Business. Read the Developing Good Business hotshot activity on p. 394 of the text. Answer Questions 14 from the activity in a 700- to 1,050-word paper in APA format. Post your paper as an attachment. The trading operations of a keep guild consist of three stages. These stages are simple the scuttle only whent, the operations, and the takings stages. The swear out of the input stage includes raw materials, components, labor and customers. The operations process involves the skills, experience, machines, and experts needed to operate the company.As cold as the yield stage, this involves what we physically use or experience from the company, known as the goods and service (Jones, 2007). both company, whether it be services such(prenominal) as hair and nails, serving, or longanimous business concern, or goods being sold such as jewelry, wholesale businesses, or a corporation like ShopRite or Wal-Mart, they all experience these stages uniq uely. separately company runs experiencing input, operations, and produce stages, but each(prenominal) stage is handled differently tally to what kind of business, what is being offered, and who is running it.The activities that regulate the course of the resources between these peculiar(prenominal) stages is what we call materials prudence. Materials management dish ups operate these stages smoothly and effectively, providing necessities and organization (Jones, 2007). Lets take a look at three different businesses and how each one handles materials management and the three operational stages. The first company that is red ink to be observed is Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is a company that has developed over the eld into being a comm wholly recognized place to get unremarkable necessities for a great price.The process of operations for a business such as Wal-Mart is simple compared to others. The input stage focuses on what is needed for the company to run, such as, labor and empl oyees, contact with a wholesaler, and more all magic spell keeping the customers in mind. Wal-Mart strives to keep a friendly staff and funky prices in order to keep the customers dress hat concern and loyalty. The focussing Wal-Mart would go about doing this is hiring qualified staff and train them to best suit the company, and forming an alliance with suppliers that offer products at low prices.As far as the operations of Wal-Mart, they hire the best suited nation with the skills and knowledge of this type of companys operations. They are equipped with machinery and constantly modify in order to keep up with latest trends. With their input and operations, comes the output stage. This is where the goods and services that Wal-Mart offers is placed into the market for consumers to decide. Mentioned previously, Wal-Mart strives to meet the every need of customers providing a great shopping experience.So far, Wal-Mart is still one of the most no-hit companies of its kind and do esnt look like anything is going to change that anytime soon. The countenance company that was observed is Burger King. Burger King is a desist food eating place business that has a lot of competition. The slogan, Have it Your Way, has allowed Burger King to make office for success. The operations behind this slogan is a bit more complicated. The input of Burger King consists of associations with suppliers in order to encounter the best quality achievable for a frozen, fast food restaurant.From the supplies of burgers, to fries, milkshakes and salads, Burger King is not going to have a supplier produce outdated food or else that would be horrible materials management. The operations stage of Burger King is figuring out naked ways to produce faster and better food and service to its customers piece living up to its slogan. Doing this, Burger King would have to make sure everything is up to date and employees are equipped with the skills and knowledge to come up with tonic in novations to suit the needs of the company. The output stage of Burger King is providing the service fast and efficiently.Making sure that all food is sanitary and delivered quickly. The third company that was observed is St. Josephs Hospital. This is a hospital that specializes in critical care and emergencies. The operations of this hospital is crucial because it is not only service, but it holds peoples lives at stake. The input of the hospital would be having ownership of the supplies and relationships with suppliers. This way when it comes to operations stage, the best and most updated equipment is ready for use and can leave behind the best service possible.Between these two stages, the best and most deft doctors, nurses, and staff are hired in order to ensure arctic and health. As far as the output stage of St. Josephs Hospital, the services provided are high-quality service and safety. As we look at these companies, we can earn that a lot goes into operations behind the service and goods we receive as consumers. The way a company designs its in operation(p) system is crucial for success. The input, operations, and output are only a dismantle of what is contributed. It is the materials management, the flow of how things are ran that truly makes or breaks the backbone of a business.The way the systems are designed lead give one company an advantage over another. Using materials management effectively and really going into detail about research will give a company more of an advantage than another. It will help a business increase its productivity, innovation, quality, and most importantly, its responsiveness to customers. Not only does the operations come into effect when running a successful business, but be are a big part as well. trading operations and materials management costs, also known as, OMM, consist of many costs pertaining to a company.The main costs of OMM are, raw materials and components, plant, labor, inventory, and distribution (Jones, 2007). These costs affect companies operations because each cost if part of the operating system. Without effectively running operations, costs will run a business out of business. Including costs during the operating process is a crucial way to success. This is all a part of materials management References Jones, G. R. (2007). Introduction to business How companies create value for people. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Gerschenkron Model

ECONOMIC HISTORY Answers practice I 1. In the case of England, the agricultural sector played a key role in industrialization. This is mainly because, the improver in productivity in the sector led to an increase in the workers income, and this increase make possible for them to save more. The increase in savings led to an increase in investment in the industrial sector. When we are talking almost a backward country, the litigate can non be imitated.Backward countries had a traditional agriculture, and in that respect was not an increase of productivity, so the agricultural sector could not finance the imports of capital needed. Also it was much easier to borrow money from institutions than being babelike of the agriculture. 2. Although Rostow thought that countries followed a stage-like pattern of development, Gerschenkron firmly disagreed with this assumption Rostow implied that all countries repeating the same process of industrialization this could be seen as a inelucta ble law of scotch development.The process of industrialization of the advance countries was not the same as of the backward countries. For example, England did not pass water any institution to finance its industrialization, in contrast to the late-comers, who had a whole international financing placement built. This advantage of backwardness is what the Gerschenkron model is about. Each country had its own process of industrialization and it did not have to follow certain stages. 3. In set to industrialize, backward countries need to import large amounts of capital.The technology imported go away come from the advance countries, and go away help the relative backward countries to commence advanced. The process of industrialization of these countries will take, in fact, much less period compared to the advanced countries, because the technology imported is far more efficient than those employ in first place by the advanced countries when they were in the bosom of the proce ss. Since they have plan of attack to this new technology that the advanced countries did not have, these countries have an advantage for being backward economies. However, hese advantages do not come by nature to the country, hardly it is the government that needs to use the advantage in their favour in line of battle to achieve a modern economy in less time. 4. a) Big Spurt In the text Gerschenkron refers uses the term to nominate the moment when the industrialization in a backward country begins, and thither is a rapid economic growth. It is closely related to Rostows take-off but the prominent spurt focuses on the manufacturing and mining sector b) Missed opportunity This term it is used to describe the failure of applying the proper substitutions in a given economy in order to obtain a big spurt.Like the case of Bulgaria when in that respect was a failure to make the proper substitutions and there was not a big spurt. 5. The prerequisites for industrial growth are a) abolishment of an archaic framework in agricultural organization In order to increase the productivity of Land and of Labor, so there can be an increase of supply to face the increase of demand (due to the increase of population).This will increase the workers income, allowing them to save more, and therefore invest in the industry sector. b) Creation of a modern elite that seek economic growth In Europe, the Noble class had no interest in changing their way of life (serfdom), so in order to access industrialization there is a need to create a separate of influential entrepreneurs that seek a modern economy that is more profitable and efficient. ) Provision of a social over-head capital in physical crop In the backward countries, there is a need of capital in order to industrialize. The government must seek this capital by acquire it from financial institutions. Getting the capital by themselves was not an option, since there was not enough savings and it would have took much lo nger than just adoption the capital.

Feminism and Social Cognitive Theories Essay

The goal in this individual appoint handst is to apply the brotherly cognitive surmisal and feminist theories to contemporary media theme and to comp are and contrast different theory-based perspectives. Attached to this impinge onup thither will be a print arouseisement limitedally chosen to analyze how and whom these theories reflect on in peeled media straight off. After analyzing the 2 perspectives, the theories will be compared and contrasted, showing the similarities and differences between them and their approach to the advertisement. Throughout the paper the usage of examples from the specific advert chosen will conclude to the whatchamacallit and defined terms to support the arguments that will be debated. The social encyclopaedism opening furnishes a example that allows usto analyze the hu humankinds psychological functions that produce trustworthy behaviors (A. Bandura, 1986). The concept describes the mental processes at work whenever a person receives (Bandura, 1944).The theory of socialization explains humans thought and the personal f flirtors that make learning a cognitive process to all agents such as, social groups, parents and siblings, teachers, schools and religious leaders, neighborhoods and media.(Eyal, 2012)According to Bandura, the theoryproves that belief and behavior are determined by ternary different eventors that interact and impact each other, know as the triadic multiplicative inverse cau sit downion, examining behavior, personal determinants and characteristics such as cognitive and biological qualities like age, race, elicit or height, and purlieual factors or events (Bandura, 1944). Banduras social cognitive theory of mass communication and the broader social learning theory serve as the foundation for volumes of research in all areas of media personal arranges breeding today (A. Bandura, 1986). A study of this theory evinceing the process of modeling has been conducted by Albert Bandura during the study of the bobo biddys by including the four component processes attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation.Later to be discussed in relevancy to the advertisement chosen.Proving that a person that observes other peoples actions and the consequences of those actions provoke learn from what they have observed, called observational learning, which then can be reenacted by the observer, cognise as modeling (A. Bandura, 1986). According to the research done in the bobo doll studies, Banduras method was to create a lab experiment with mannequinergarten children, by exposing them to different versions of movies with aggressions toward a bobo doll. Focusing on the children in the experimental groups, these children were aware of what they have watched and this is where the modeling process originates. Attention has been elevated. The experimental group children sat and thought done with(predicate) the film alsopossessing the necessary components and skill, while perh aps view of their capabilities and self-efficacy perceptions,known as motor reproduction in terms of the process.In fix to later imitate the aggressive acts, training what theyve cognitivelylearnt and seen, known as retention, rehearsing of the act in order to properly mock the material exposed. In final result to the observational theory, children seemed motivated to model the behaviors they learnt in the film. Children who had watched the violent film were slight inhibited about performing other violent acts they had learnt in the past, and not portrayed through and through the given film. The film in that respectfore, had a disinhibitory establish upon the children who byword it (Bandura, 1963). Disinhibitory effects disinhibit or lift previously learned internal restraints on certain behaviors (Bandura, 1963 p.73) as explained in the study Bandura conduced on the school kids and the fact they utilise the violence seen in the film, and not violence that has been shown to them throughout their lives. In leaveition, the theory also serves as a common denominator among many media effects and hypothesis today.It provides a framework explaining pro-social effects from mass media, social encouragement or persuasion, and transmission of an idea, message, or belief by way of figurative modeling (A. Bandura, 1986, p.70). The second theory that will be discussed, analyzed, compared and contrasted to my chosen advert throughout this paper will be the feminist theory. Focusing on, outlining the influences of a variety of critical feminist studies on the representation of women in everyday media forms. The feminism study is part of a suppositious approach its an actual theory equal to all other theories (Hay, 2012). A a couple of(prenominal) theories that will be analyzed are The peach tree myth by Naomi beast, The Women Myth by Roland Barthes, and Women in films by Laura Mulvey. brute take ups that the quality called beauty objectively and universall y exists. The most trenchant way to combat this epidemic, Wolf argues, is to show how what we call beautiful is a cultural myth that has been frame in for certain economic and political gets.In assigning value to women in a vertical hierarchy according to a culturally compel physical standard, it is an expression of power relations in which women must artificially compete for resources that men have appropriated for themselves(Wolf, N. The Beauty Myth, p.1). Barthes discusses The women myth as creation everywhere, relating to culture, time, and change. Its not something were born with,its something society socially constructs (Hay, 2012). He tells us that the image of beauty-The rhetoric of the image (Roland Barthes) changes according to where you are, who youre with, and what environment your currently in, that can all reflect on the image. Last, Mulvey writes about the mannish gaze, women in films.The womens appearance was created to serve manful defense mechanisms against castration, and portrays women as visual objects through the media (Hay, 2012) Mulvey argues that cinema displays the image of women as a certain look, that feminist find humiliating imputable to the element it displays the passivity of women, and the body process of men complying the fact women will never have lead manipulations or be distinguished as greater than men (Hay, 2012).After explaining,defining and self-aggrandizing examples of both theories, the advertisement chosen will be analyzed and evaluated through these theoretical perspectives. In terms of feminism, the advertchosen will constructively reassure the myths and at that place theoretical approaches. The advertisement I chose represents, the inebriantic beverage, SKYY vodka. Thereis a tan, thin women, in a bathing suit, with a big chest, lying on the back at the beach nerve-wracking to get some sun. The close up shot of her dreamy chest is likely to attract attention of men, by chance the aimed earshot for this advertisement. Mulvey argues about the look or the image the media portrays a womans hypothetical appearance should be, usually categorized as issue and skinny (Hay, 2012) which the advertisement assesses. The power through genders are utilise to imbibe the mans eye, making the man see the women as a visual object, also known as the male gaze, leading the male to become aroused, and in conclusionan intend effect of convincing the specified audience, men, to debauch the product advertised. As Naomi Wolf mentions in the beauty myth the purpose of using the women as an object is for political and economic terra firmas.This doesnt typify that everyone will be impacted in the same way due to sub-cultures, politics, and media, but societys understanding of the add will hopefully conclude to more or less, the same objective and conscious feeling. In addition to the womens bareness and attraction, the advertisement shows the man in a suit standing on top of the women, most likel yrepresenting ownership and power, a demanding authoritywhile glazing down on her from supra. According to Mulvey, feminists see men as alert and the women as passive, clearly shown in the advert. The man is not only living accommodations the women between his legs while she lays on the plunge, but heis also blocking her from the sun, the reason she most likely came to the beach to begin with. Feminist argue that women are usually presented in a submissive way. According to feminists, the media has an important role and defines the women and how women should look, act and represents the power struggle between men and women today (Hay, 2012).The theory of Laura Mulvey shows that commercial wise, advertising women is usually conducted in a sexual way relating them to sex items, and ignoring internal characteristics by tensioning on just looks(Hay, 2012). In addition to how women were portrayed in programs, feminist critics charged media owners and managers with sexism (Cantor, 19 88). They supported this claim with reports showing widespread discrimination against women in broadcast industry ingestion practices, as seen in the advertisement presented, as the women lays beneath the man and is gazed upon from above with feeling of power. Women in advertising are usually gently sorrowful to looking at something, making it seem that they are not in control of that object, that they arent the true owner and masters of it, just participant(Cantor, 1988). In one hand the man is holding a bottle of SKYY alcoholic beverageic beverage, and in the other hand he is firmly holding 2 cups as to which the alcohol would be put inside to drink.The differences between the positioning of the genders in the advert really prove the feminist theories can be related to to this, the masculine side of the man and his strong fists, and feminine side of the women is shown through the relaxation of her hands holding her sunglasses up, lying on the floor with her pure beauty and fe rtility.In the past, a lot of time advertisers used women to present women were they haveed rescue. Alcohol can be considered a type of escapism, and by the man showing her what he has, once again, the women comes out to be the lame one that wants to be nurtured, and in feel of need, comfort and care by the man. respectable like gender role portrayals in Disney princesses and there need of being taken care of by heroes, or prince charming. This advertisement focuses on a specific audience, in particular, perhaps SKYY vodka calls for people who enjoy drinking, probably youngsters that want to let loose try new things, students, and be source of the main focus of the close up of the womens breast, an educated guess would assume that the men population are most likely well off to be the best consumers.The social cognitive theory portrays many different theoretical approaches to the specific add chosen.Banduras social cognitive theory provides a framework to explain what the medias effects are towards, violence, sexually explicit material, diffusion of an idea, message, belief by way of symbolic modeling, persuasion and so forward (Bandura, 1986). Human communication is built upon a system of shared meanings known as language that is shaped by various symbols, such as letters of the alphabet, used to construct words which serve as a symbol to represent specific objects, thought or ideas (Bandura, 1986 p.68).The word SKYY printed on the alcohol bottle doesnt just cause the brain to conceptualize of the company SKYY vodka. When speaking about the sky in a metaphoric way, people relate the word to an unlimited effect, just like the quote many people use these days, the sky is the limit.The thought the drink may have towards specific audience mentioned earlier, triggers their brain to consider the non-boundary border. As seen in media today, a number of people like to go against the ordinary, and excite the status quo. Possibly now, when people see the word sky, the electrical capacity of understanding and using this symbol allows them to store, process, and transform this observed experience into a cognitive model, which may guide them to the long term effect of get the alcohol while thinking about the official effects it may have and motivating them to obtain this product. Advertisement in media today can be learnt from and modeled leading to positive or negative outcomes. Just like Banduras study with the bobo dolls, the major findings were disinhibitory effects, which concluded to children learning aggression. A disinhibitory technique, as mentioned earlier, causes a transgressor to shift the responsibility for wrong doing to some other.(Brock & Buss, 1962, p. 75) With diffusion of responsibility, a transgressor acts within a group and therefor doesnt feel in person responsible for the subsequent act (Bandura, 1986).As seen in the ad, the bottle of alcohol is being advertised. As most people know, one of the most well-know n(a) laws in the U.S. states that the drinking age is 21+. In this eccentric person the add is relevant due to the fact a transgressor may influence an immature to consume the alcohol in this add showing him its the nerveless thing to do, leading him to another device, disregard of the consequences of action, in which the under 21 person,illegally performs what he is told, not thinking about the harm it might cause and only thinking of the thrill of the moment. Bandura identified four different self-reflective modes used in thought verification the self-reflective capacity, meaning that a person has the king to perform a self-check to make sure his or her thinking is lay (Bandura, 1986). One being the enactive mode this means that a person calculates the arranging between thoughts and the result of actions (Bandura, 1986).For example, this add may influence people to buy SKYY vodka, especially men, since the advertisement shows that the man is over powering the sexy woman, an act in which most men usual want to achieve. After trying the alcohol, the effect it had on the man wasnt what he thought would conclude to, presume he would be able to mimic the character holding the alcohol bottle in the advert and is disappointed, having a destructive effect, and in this case his actions do not verify his thoughts and he must reassess his thinking. If, til now the man had had the positive effects he was expecting after drinking SKYY defacement alcohol, the mans actions corroborate his thoughts and provide verification. The second mode used in the thought verification isvicarious mode this means that the observation of another persons experience and the outcomes of those experiences aid to confirm the accuracy of thoughts (Bandura, 1986).For example, a 17 year old boy that never tried alcohol might look at this advertisement and see that the man has amount of money control over the women, the boy never thought about trying the beverage the man in the ad is hol ding, but due to positive assumptions, realizes he should. His thoughts about underage drinking could shock him into some kind of reassessment. The third mode, serving as the best demonstration of an effective advertisement is persuasion (Bandura, 1986) the act in which a person is influenced or encouraged in some way to change their thought. For example a man sees the SKYY vodka advertisement and it comes off to be eye catching and convincing. level off though he might already have a specific vodka brand he uses, the astonishment of the print add influences him to try new things in an alteration effect of buying the alcohol, maybe leading to a long term outcome of the continuity of buying the specific vodka, and the intended effect the company tried to portray. At last, the advertisement will be compared and contrasted according to the two theoretical perspectives.The media teaches society how to socially learn, whether its through observational and modeling, or how women should b e, including all the individual differences (Hay, 2012). Whether the effect is direct or indirect, constructive or destructive, people observe others and their surroundings.One of the arguments the theories can express thesimilarities and differences in, is the effect manipulation or influence can have towards and depending on audience types. The social cognitive theory, the process of modeling shows that the advertisement can be portrayed and looked at as motivating for male audiences, catching there attention while seeing the amount of control and command the man has above the women, leading to arousal and motor reproduction of the customer, influencing them to similar actions.On the other hand, feminists look at the advertisement and find it discriminating how the media socially constructed the women to fit the image that Mulvey speaks about.The female audiences will see the degradation of the confine women, looking up at a man, and specifically go against the consumption of tha t certain alcohol. Women dont see the need to advertise the alcohol in such a provocative manner and want to urge on the status quo of using women in the media for political and economic reasons, as Naomi Wolfs theory applies. In conclusion, the social cognitive theory and feminist theories play a big role in media today. Providing a framework to academically understand where media came from in history, and how it has currently changes. Media serves as a theoretical basis that was learnt from in the past, and continues to be learnt from throughout years to come.ReferencesBryant, J., & Thompson, S. (2002). fundamental principle of media effects(Chapter 4). Boston,MA McGraw-Hill.Hodkinson, P. (2011). Media, culture, and society An introduction(Chapter 11, pp.219-242).Los Angeles, CA Sage.Wolf, N.The Beauty Myth.Cantor, M. G. (1988). Feminism and the media.Society, 25(5), 76-81.Social cognitive Theory and Feminist TheoriesLiatSlomowitsRaphael Recanti International School, Interdis ciplinary Center HertzliyaT.A. Yael Hay invention to communicationsliatipooaol.com

Marxist and Neoclassical Economics

Marxs sparing theories mainly apportion with the comparison and contrast between Marxism and Capitalism. Karl Marx had legion(predicate) theories that dealt with umpteen different aspects of society. This concept deals with the exploitation of workers and the components involved in production. The first crock up of Marxs valuate of turn over guess deals with commodities. Commodities ar defined as an quarry outside of us, a thing that by its properties satisfies piece wants of slightly break or a nonher (Miliband, 1977, 243). These commodities make different values and according to Marx every(prenominal) trade good has two values exchange value and design value.The drug abuse value of a commodity refers to the item that is has some sort of use it serves some purpose or meets some want. Every commodity must(prenominal) have a use or it has no value and is not a commodity. Exchange value refers to the ratio at which a commodity fundament be exchanged with an other(a ). In certain quantities all commodities scum bag be exchanged for other commodities (Miliband, 1977, 254). Even the just about worthless commodity, when taken in big enough quantities, can be exchanged for the most valuable of commodities. For example, a large quantity of corn or apples can be exchanged for a diamond.The next part of Marxs theory deal with the values of the ram. Marx argued that what commodities all have in common is the fact that they are all products of compassionate childbed. It is human fight that has created them and it is the amount of human labour that goes into them that destines value. Karl Marxs labour theory of value asserts that the value of an object is solely a result of the labour expended to produce it. According to this theory, the more labour or labour time that goes into an object, the more it is worth. Marx defined value as consumed labour time, and stated that all goods, considered scotchally, are only the product of labour and cost no thing except labour(Parekh, 1982, 386).One crucial component of clean political providence that was eventually displaced in the neoclassic regeneration of the nineteenth century was the idea that labour was a primary or even exclusive determinant of value. Now, readings of Marx that posit him either as the refinement of the great classicals or as the windinging left-wing critic of classical political economy often share the claim that Marx extracted from the classicals the consume that labour is the sole source of value.Marx is applauded for his consistent formulation of a labour theory of value and, thus, for his adherence to the view that social relations of production determine the distribution of social labour and the value and exchange-value of commodities. That is, as for many other Marxists, the fact that individualistics may desire beings and motivated in their sparing behaviours by instinct, affection, emotion, and so forth is relegated to the status of secondary phenomena insofar as the finis of value, the social allocation of labour, and the distribution of income and wealth are involved.For many Marxists, the subjective consumes of frugal activity are labour and production. Thus, the labouring automobile trunk, rendered in some versions of this story as a truly trans- historical corporeal entity, is given self-respect of place in establishing the conditions for that which is uniquely human and thitherby economic. This productionist bias of Marxists has naturalized the grounds by which Marxism has discursively ignored or excluded libido, excess, and true expending in the economic theory to which it has given rise. (Resnick, 2001, 56-60)Contemporary Marxian critics in the orbital cavity of political economy, then, often prefer to resurrect the nineteenth-century debates over the correct attribution of value to either subjective desire or fair game labour. Their critique of neoclassical theory devolves on the claim that the bourgeo is individualism, naturalism, and arcane abstraction ensuant upon the use of axiomatic formulations in neoclassicism obscure the true (McCloskey, 2003, 12-14) conditions under which economic activities and institutions arise.Whereas production is viewed as ubiquitous across epochs and geographical boundaries, desire and utility-grade maximization are seen as limited in historical splendour to capitalist societies and, even there, they are more a consequence of a hegemonic false consciousness imposed by the self-promotion of the bourgeoisie (for example, to hide the fact of exploitation or to explain away the waste and inefficiency of unplanned markets) than the objective conditions of vivification under capitalism.The modernism of much Marxism consists, at least partly, in its insistence in finding an ontological referent for the essential prepare labour that emerges in Marxian economics as the source of value. The labouring body and the conditions of work, then, take precede nce in everything from determining the nature of subjectivity (the individual who produces him/herself in the course of participating in social labour) and estimating the good life (the elimination of alienation in work) to the primacy of certain struggles in the transportments to transform and move beyond capitalism.Comparison and ContrastKarl Marx set the wheels of modern Communism and socialist economy in motion with his writings in the late nineteenth century. In collaboration with his friend, Fredrich Englels, he produced the Communist Manifesto, written in 1848. Many failed countries political and economic structures have been based on Marxs theories. That is why he is cognise as on of the most influential people of the history of the world. Marxism in its various forms has affected the world greatly throughout time. Both gentlemans gentleman Wars have involved communist countries to a great extent. Communism has gone wrong in many countries, with the state turning into an authoritarian one, with a few people at the top abusing their power for their own face-to-face gain, at the expense of the other members of the public. (England, 1993, 37-53)Rather than codifying the classicals labouring body as a first principle, Marx can be said to have stop the order of the body established in classical political economy and in much Marxism. For us, Marx is not the inventor of a new anthropology (his work, we confide along with Althusser, represents a sharp rupture from the humanist anthropology that preceded and, in the pretensions of the primeval neoclassicals, followed him). Briefly stated, we view Marxs contributions to be more along the lines of presenting the human body as a register of class and other economic and social processes, a place where the effects of capitalism are generally inscribed, rather than the site of the privileged origin (through labour) of subjectivity, agency, or socioeconomic relations.In other words, the body that Marx pres ents in his writings is over determined and has no centre or essential unity other than that which is the effect of the historical conditions of production, consumption, circulation, distribution, and so forth. In this sense, the body in Marxs work is close set(predicate) to some current neoclassical renditions, at least insofar as it is differentiated, dispersed, and brought to temporary unity by specific productions rather than by the presumption of its essentiality. (Cohen, 1978, 110-14)The problem, then, for some of the Marxian critics of neoclassical theory is that the story they prefer revives a view of the body and subjectivity that are fully part of the modernist project to get on an overarching and exhaustive notion of man. In this regard, the post-modern moments of Marxism are suppressed and the relation that Marxists may have with other developments within which the humanism of the classicals is finally displaced is by and large ignored. (Blaug, 1992, 319-22)To put th is otherwise, the retention of the labouring body as prime cause of social and economic relations does little to undermine the humanist essentialism that, purportedly, many Marxists have been at pains to attack over the course of the final century. While recent neoclassicals and Marxists may make absurd bed mates, there is a sense in which Marxists can augment rather than coarse their attacks on bourgeois social order by acknowledging the fragmentation of the human body and the dismemberment of theoretical humanism that may have been fulfil by some neoclassicals. (Ollman, 1995, 201-10)A similar issue confronts post-Keynesian critics of neoclassical economics. or else of using their trenchant questioning of the notions of certainty (and of probabilistic certainty), rationality, and much else that mute abounds within neoclassical theory, together with their own exploration of the significance and effects of indecision, as the initial steps in decentring the body, post-Keynesian economists have largely resisted much(prenominal) a move.As we see it, the radical uncertainty (de Marchi, 2001, 86-90) originally focussed on by Keynes and now embraced by post-Keynesian economists has the potential of disrupting the modernist unity of the body, for example, by severing the necessary connection between, the presumed sequence of, some set of initial anticipations and the actions of economic agents as well as by relativizing even the credit of the degrees and forms of certain and uncertain cognition on the part of those agents, making uncertainty into a variable and heterogeneous constituent and effect of bodily capabilities and orders. (Amariglio, 1994, 7-35) finishUp to the end of the nineteenth century, the sensible presence of the monetary gist ( sumptuous, silver) which guaranteed more or less coordinately the value of the circulating sign, could lead us to forget that cash was also a sign. The aureate-standard system implied the circulation of currency by itself or the free convertibility of bank-notes into grand. And this, according to a creed which was close unanimously shared by all economists and statesmen of the nineteenth century, regardless of their nationality, their spectral beliefs, or philosophical opinions banknotes have value only because they represent gold. Marx himself denied the possibility or the legitimacy of money which would be a classical sign. For him, the backing by commodity-money (produced by a certain amount of labour) is necessary.Nowadays, the direct representational possibility of monetary signs is suspended not only for comminuted reasons, but completely suppressed, as we know, for reasons that became structural. Thus, we passed from a monetary regime where gold circulated in presencia to a regime where money was a sign representing gold and finally to money which is a pure sign, without any reference to a gold-value, a regime of complete non-convertibility. The logical relationship between the no n-convertibility of money and the dismissal of the labour theory of value by neoclassical economists and mainstream economics has been stressed.Post-Keynesians, however, tend to emphasize the extradiscursive brute nature of uncertainty, reducing it to the limits on knowledge imposed by an unforeseeable future. Their view is that neoclassical economists (and, with them, others such as new Keynesian economists), by emphasizing certain (or, again, probabilistically certain) knowledge, have simply exaggerated the role and possibilities of rational calculation and diminished the sentient being spirits, spontaneous optimism, and other nonrational, corporeal determinants of economic behaviour.In this sense, post-Keynesian economists look for to reinscribe a more balanced human body one which, if not exactly derivative of the classicals, both recognizes the limitations of the body (for example, in terms of the power to gather and process information) and recovers the kind of profusion of sentiments and emotions, conventions and habits, that were seen to be central to the activities and practices of economic agents prior to the marginalist revolution. It is this body which, for post-Keynesians, serves both to replace the sterility of disembodied neoclassical decision-makers and to avoid the nihilism occasioned by the post-modern decentring of the body.ReferencesAmariglio, J. and Ruccio, D. F. (1994) Postmodernism, Marxism, and the Critique of Modern Economic thought, Rethinking Marxism 7 (Fall) 7-35.Blaug, M. (1992) The Methodology of Economics Or How Economists Explain, Cambridge Cambridge University Press 319-22.Cohen, G.A. Karl Marxs surmise of History. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 1978. 110-14de Marchi, N. (2001) debut in N. de Marchi and M. Blaug (eds) Appraising Economic Theories, Aldershot Elgar. 86-90England, Paula (1993) The Separative Self Androcentric Bias in Neoclassical Assumptions, in Marianne A. Ferber and Julie A. Nelson (eds) Beyond Eco nomic Man Feminist Theory and Economics, Chicago University of Chicago Press, 37-53.McCloskey, D. N. (2003) The Rhetoric of Economics, Journal of Economic Literature, 21 (June) 12-14Miliband, R. Marxism and Politics. Herron Publishing Inc., New York. 1977. 250-59Ollman, B. Groliers Encyclopedia, Karl Marx and Marxism. Grolier Electronic Publishing Inc. 1995. 201-10Parekh, B. Marxs Theory of Ideology. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 1982. P.386Resnick, Stephen A., and Wolff, Richard D. (2001) experience and Class A Marxian Critique of Political Economy, Chicago University of Chicago Press. 56-60

P&G Grooming Performance

PENETRATION RATE OF MAIN PLAYERS IN B& adenineR MARKET In 2011, the whole B& angstrom unitR market sagacity sunk into a sap situation, the sixth sense of the whole market by itself dropped from 43. 5to 41. 6(%). The penetration rate of P& antiophthalmic f lay outorG in year 2011 decreased by 8. 3% compared with that in 2010, and continued a downside trend by the first quarter of 2012 by 7. 5%. Compared with BIC, who change magnitude 5. 8 % penetration in 2011 followed by a 10. 9% drop by 1st quarter of 2012, ENEGIZER first 1. 8% drop followed by a continuous 9. 8% drop, and other retailed soil which decreased by 9. % followed by another downturn of 9%, P&G in its B&R knowledge base did not do well in gaining potential customers during 2011. And looked more barely in specific products of P&G, as the graph shows below, contempt roughly badly performance products , there are muted some products doing well in 2011, for example, the best performance products are PROGLIDE MANUAL and PROGLIDE indicant, which were newly trade-up in 2011 and caught the most new consumers during one year and still foresee an increasing trend. G2 also did well in 2011, making an maturation of 35 penetration points both in ph exclusivelyic strategy and phallic system blades.Moreover, despite the penetration decrease in priapic person system and potent system blades, MACH 3 made an increase of 5 and 33 in penetration points in virile razors and disposables respectively. In contrast, merger series were all losing power to attract new customers, substantially, partnership MANUAL dropped 32 penetration points in male system , 27 in male sys blades , and 14 in male razors, whats worse than that, FUSION POWER befuddled nearly 40 points in male system, 34 in male sys blades and almost 69 in male razors. CONTOUR also face a 15-point- decrease, and SENSOR 3 dropped 5 points each in male system and male system blades.Some of the products are losing attractiveness to n ew customers part because the trade-up products are replacing their positions in the market, for instance, ever since BLUE 3 marched into the market, it enjoyed a 8 points increase in penetration spot BLUE 2 faced a responding decrease of as many as 17 penetration points in the market, therefore for these products staying still may make them sifted out, either upgrade the functions or accelerate the renewal may save those products from go along losing customers. PENETRATION POINT IN 2011 VS YAG staminate SYSTEM MALE SYS BLADES MALE RAZORS DISPOSABLES CONTOUR -15 G2 35 35 MACH3 -5 -5 4 33 SENSOR3 -16 -16 1 -7 FUSION -8 -4 -9 FUSION MANUAL -32 -27 -14 FUSION POWER -40 -34 -69 PROGLIDE MANUAL 148 131 90 PROGLIDE POWER 93 242 34 BLUE2 -17 BLUE3 8 TOTAL -7 -5 -9 -8 In 2011, P&G increased 1 point and 4 points respectively in number of leveraging act and the average spending per corrupt act in B&R& disposables compared with that in 2010, while ENERGIZER did not generate any changes in both measurements and BIC increased 12 points in average spending per purchase act and stayed still in purchase act volume.As we can see from the bar chart above, compared with the year before, P&G male system and male system blades both increased 2 points in number of purchase acts and 3 in average spending per purchase act(among which PROGLIDE did the best 32 points and 34 points increase of purchase act number in male system and male sys blades, 27 point increase and 50 points increase of spending per purchase act in male system and male blades system respectively) while male disposables decreased 2 points in purchase act volume(among which G2 decrease the most 12 points decrease) but increased 3 points spending /act(among which MACH 3 decreased 18 points while SENSOR 3 increased 12 points), and male razors did the worst performance as it dropped 2 points in purchase volume and 5 points in spending/ act, among which FUSION MANUAL did the worst( 23 points decrease in spending per purchase act ).

Michelangelo Buonarroti, the greatest of the Italian Renaissance artists

Michelangelo Buonarroti, the sterling(prenominal) of the Italian Renaissance artistic productionists, was born on March 6, 1475, in the piffling vill time of Caprese (Today, Caprese is known as Caprese Michelangelo or Tuscany, Italy). Michelangelo grew up in Florence, Italy. His fo below was a government administrator and his Mother died when he was exclusively vi long time old. After the death of his mother Michelangelo lived with a stone statue maker and his family in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble endocarp and small farm.Along with living with a stone cutter (where he learned to handle marble), Michelangelos influences included da Vinci and Dominico Ghirlandaio. Michelangelo showed no interest in school, he prefer rose-cheeked to copy depictions from churches and seek the company of painters. His artistic talents were notice at a very early age. At the age of thirteen, Michelangelo was apprenticed to the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio. At age four teen Michelangelos father persuaded Ghirlandaio to net profit Michelangelo as an artist, which was unusual at the time.Demonstrating obvious talent, he was taken under the wing of Lorenzo de Medici, the ruler of the Florentine republic and a great friend of the arts. For two years beginning in 1490, he lived in the Medici palace and attended the Humanist academy, where he was a student of the sculptor Bertoldo di Giovanni and canvas the Medici art collection, which included ancient Roman statuary. At the academy, both Michelangelos outlook and his art was influenced by numerous of the most prominent philosophers and writers of the day.At this time Michelangelo sculpted the Madonna of the Steps (1490-1492) and Battle of the Centaurs (1491-1492). Lorenzo de Medici, the man who gave Michelangelo the tools and schooltime to perfect his artistry, passed away in 1492. Michelangelo decided that it was time to return understructure to his family, but he continued studying on his own. Although the practice was proscribe at the time by the church, Michelangelo got special permission to study course of the dead at a hospital in the church of Santo Spirito.He used his new knowledge of the human body to create any(prenominal) of his most famous works, including the famous statue of David (1501-1504), the sculptures in the Church of San Pietro, and the Creation of ex on the Sistine Chapels ceiling, which there is a hypotheses that part of it is mold like the human mastermind. Michelangelos lamb for sculpture continued to grow, and so did the attention of the world to his work. His demand as an artist grew, and he began creating more or less(prenominal) of the most famous works of his career.And then there is his architecture, where Michelangelo reordered ancient forms in an entirely new and dramatic ways. Michelangelo was principally a sculptor and endlessly claimed that architecture was not his profession, but, with a sculptors vision, he saw buildings as impulsive organisms metaphors of the human body and he designed some of the most impressive architecture in all history. Among his best-known buildings are the Medici Chapel and the Laurentian subroutine library in Florence and he finished the architectural work on St. lances Basilica in Rome.Michelangelo renewed architectures potential for the next generation of architects, freeing them from the need to slavishly imitate models from the past and allowing them to arrive at their own forms of expression. Michelangelo, though best known for his sculpture, was also a poet. He composed over 300 pieces of poetry during his life time including the numbers intimately the hardships of painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling. In his poems he discusses categories pertaining to love, death, evil and good, and debaucher. His written material is similar to his art in that every word is carved into the realities of life.Michelangelos art is his love of male beauty, which attracted him both b y the nature of natural beauty and emotionally. Such feelings caused him great anguish, and he expressed the struggle between humans and desire for the male body in his sculpture and his poetry. The sculptor love many youths, many of whom posed for him. His greatest love was Tommaso dei Cavalieri, who was 16 years old when Michelangelo met him in 1532, at the age of 57. Cavalieri was open to the older mans tenderheartedness and Michelangelo dedicated many poems to him.Some say Michelangelos relationship with Cavalieri was only a deep friendship and not sexual. Even if Michelangelo had homo-erotic impulses, there is no evidence he acted on them. Cavalieri was not the only inspiration for Michelangelos poetry. Later in life he fell in love with Vittoria Colonna. She was a widow and friend to Michelangelo in his later maturity. Between Michelangelo and Vittoria Colonna a deep friendship developed, one might almost say an short pure love, inspired by poetry and faith, out of which we re to emerge some of Michelangelos finest lyric poems, overflowing with admiration and devotion.She died at the age of 56 and Michelangelo was profoundly affected by her death writing many commemorative pieces in her honor. Michelangelo worked until his death in 1564 at the age of 88. He caught a pyrexia and a few days later he passed away. Michelangelos revolutionizing artistic techniques alter the artists method for centuries, and still effect how art is made today. His view on the world and its leaders changed the way artists portray their subjects and how bold they allowed their artwork to be. Michelangelo volition always be known as one of the most potent artists the world has ever known. ttp//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Michelangelo www. sparknotes. com Several hypotheses have been put forward about the meaning of The Creation of Adams highly original composition, many of them taking Michelangelos well-documented expertness in human anatomy as their starting point. In 1990, an Anderson, inch physician named Frank Lynn Meshberger, M. D. noted in the medical publication the journal of the American Medical Association that the background anatomys and shapes portrayed behind the figure of God appeared to be an anatomically accurate picture of the human brain. 5 Dr. Meshbergers edition has been discussed by Dr. Mark Lee Appler. 6 On close examination, borders in the painting correlate with major sulci of the cerebrum in the inner and outer surface of the brain, the brain stem, the frontal lobe, the basilar artery, the pituitary gland and the optic chiasm. 5 Alternatively, it has been observed that the red cloth around God has the shape of a human uterus (one art historian has called it a uterine mantle7), and that the scarf hanging out, colored green, could be a newly cut umbilical cord. 8 This is an provoke hypothesis that presents the Creation scene as an idealized representation of the somatic birth of man. It explains the navel that appears on Adam, which is at first perplexing because he was created, not born of a woman. 9 Michelangelo was both highly literate and plain-spoken. He felt passionate toward individuals, both female and male (Vitoria Colonna and Tommasco Cavalieri in particular. Platonic love suited Michelangelo because the demands of his profession came first. Vittoria, who was independent and highly intelligent, was inaccessible.She was the woman who came approximate to being his intellectual equal, and a person characterized by loftiness, nobility and moral excellenceall of which appealed to the poet. He turned to her for guidance and idealized her through the fanaticism of his religious mindset Michelangelo was a deeply religious person who believed in prayer and all the accompanying Renaissance religious imagery attribute of his era. She was a widow and friend to Michelangelo in his later maturity. She died at the age of 56 and Michelangelo was deeply affected by her death writing many commemorative piece s in her honor.

English Composition Essay

In the prognosis of writing English composition, several rules and describelines must be followed for the aspect of clarity, clearness, and understandability. This grammar rules atomic number 18 established to follow a clear and concise intromission of the ideas and concepts being communicated in each composition. Included in these guidelines and rules is the use of examples and how they are used to promote the briny argument in each composition.In the use of examples in the English composition, several approaches are established to guide the use of this strategy for the clearness in the composition. First, is using example in a word or phrase employing short approaches towards the presentation. The second is through sentence-length examples, which are more precise as they employ the idea along with the specific example explaining the utter concept.Third is through the use of extend examples, which are commonly to be an entire paragraph for more luxuriant explanation and pre sentation. For better composition, most writer use different styles and join different approaches in a single essay for more small explanation of the main topic. For example, in the composition of John Head empower The Brutal Business of Boxing, the author was able to clearly and specifically presents his topic and ideas through the use of both single word or phrase example and sentence-length examples.In most paragraphs, the author mentioned specific language to support his topic and in the others, he used the sentence-length examples, which includes the idea and the specific argument explaining the concept. Through this approach, the author has able to present clearly his main argument and reasons about his opinions towards the brutal nature of boxing explaining why the said act should be condone not as a gasconade but as an uncivilized fight in the society.

Let’s Be Lefties for a Day

The perception of radiation diagramity is based on how closely you resemble the studyity of good deal (Devry College, 2013, Week adept Assignment, Para. 1). I stool been proficient pass since 2nd grade. This was not invariably the grounds though. When I began Kindergarten in 1985, I was predominant in allelely left wing handed. I was persistently discouraged from writing with my left hand and eventually I became eloquent in penmanship with my right hand. At the time, I recall beingness told that Every unitary should write with their right hand I was taught early on, that to be normal is to be like everyone else. To this day I am still right handed as far as for writing, however, I have al instructions favored my left hand for activities such as gymnastics and driving. I remember feeling weird and looked megabucks upon for being different and for fetching longer than my programmemates to learn how to write with a hand that felt immaterial to me. Did it pay off? Was o n that point an advantage to being right handed versus left? These be questions that are not as black and face cloth as they may seem.This paper examines normalcy and what it means to be a part of the majority versus being a minority. In our society, right-handed people reflect the majority or dominant group and left-handed individuals would be considered the minority based on the percentage of right versus left-handed people. In order to understand the affects of being in a minority group, we were challenged to permits be lefties for a day. It was quickly apparent that our society and surround is catered toward right-handed people.This reflects a principle known as institutionalized disagreement where minority groups are at a disadvantage because of the normal way society operates (Devry College, 2012, Week One torment, para. 2). Take buttons for instance. It is much easier to button jackets, or puff, etc with ones right hand as opposed to ones left. The reason for this is simply that the vast majority of mechanisms for buttoning, or zippering, are adapted for ease of right-handed individuals. Another example is door knobs. well-nigh door knobs are manufactured with right-handed ergonomics in mind.Opening doors with my left hand involved twisting my wrist in a mood that is both awkward and uncomfortable. Further exploration found that items such as golf clubs, scissors, kitchen utensils, and keyboards, are available for left-handed individuals however, they come at a price. Not only were they much expensive per unit than standard items that are readily available but they also required internet addition as they are primarily found online, and included shipping fees in addition to the already hefty price tag.It was evident that in this instance, being in the minority or less dominant group incurs get at and monetary penalty. Through these major institutions, the dominant group will skeleton the society in ways that reflect its interests, values, a nd beliefs and minimize those of less dominant groups. The result is discrimination (Devry College, 2013, Week One chaffer, Para. 2). Having spent the majority of my heart right-handed, I hadnt given much thought to what it means to be left-handed.It is easy to not have to consider what life is like for those in the less dominant groups when things as simple as the ease of spring a door, or a can, or sharpening a pencil, and/or buttoning ones pants do not require a second thought. Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture states that unlike the dominant group, most minority groups recognize and understand ethnical differences. Unfortunately, they also feel the need to be wary and defensive at all times (Para. 8). This is very similar to how I felt intimately 30 years ago when I took my first penmanship class in Kindergarten and was instructed to become a rightie versus a leftie.The Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture continues the end result is that pendent groups always know and understand more about the dominant group than the dominant group does about the subordinate group (Para. 8). It is master(prenominal) to recognize that we all have differences, be it pagan, ethnic, gender, or something as seemingly simple as being right or left-handed. These differences are what creates diversity and adds richness and color to our world and is a major component in the social glue holding a civilization together.What we want to do is simply recognize that we do have prejudices arising from our ethnocentric view of the world (Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture, Para. 10). There is an old old(prenominal) saying that you never know a man till you have walked a mile in his shoes. This is so true and it can be easy to forget that beyond our obvious differences, we are all human. How does all of this relate to the business setting? M. Bell, 2012 states that in inclusive organizational cultures, employees feel as though they are accepted, belong, and are able to con tribute to decision-making processes (M.Bell, 2012, p. 5).Imagine all of the important discoveries, policies, and practices that would not exist if we had not acknowledge the contributions of minority members of our society That said, there is still a long way to go. Individuals need to be recognized and considered for their qualifications when seeking employment or promotion, not discriminated due to their gender, ethnicity, or cultural differences. In conclusion, the leftie experiment was a real eye-opener I never effected how difficult seemingly simple things can be for some, and how much I take for grantedThe world is a different place for minorities and we need to take the playing field through acceptance and understanding. Ethnocentricity is not always a bad thing. It is the tie that binds us but when used to discriminate, it serves only to germinate us apart. How do we move forward? Devry College, 2013, Week One Lecture declares that honesty and explaining all options and services available are key to braking down the barriers between majority and minority groups created by distrust (para. 11).

IT and HR Department Case Study and Analysis

Based on my poster pledge at Cenartech is high risk. I base this off of the protection practices that are in place. What companies fail to realize is you can protect your mesh topology technologically just now you also acquire to protect the network physical. in that location are firewalls in place to protect the network from the outside nonwithstanding no insurance to protect the network from the inside. A security constitution is a enrolment that defines the scope of security needed by the giving medication and discusses the assets that need protective covering and the extent to which security solution should go to return the necessary protection.(Stewart and Chapple and Gibson, 2012, p221)Although the attach to IT structure is solid, most of it was created by out consultants and the IT plane section did non ware any leadership that was IT smart. The IT section was ran by the theater director of Finance. Cenartech has already been rear for a few years before B rian the IT double-decker came on board. at that place was no Standard Operating Procedures. Procedures are the last(a) element of the hold security polity structure. (Stewart and Chapple and Gibson, 2012, p221)Within a year of existence at the company he wrote a draft outlining duties and responsibilities for each rung member. Since his IT department was small he gave each faculty member several(prenominal) security responsibilities. His mental faculty members did not commit any experience looking at at security logs. Any time he had the chance he would head them. He knew the importance of looking at the logs regularly and maintaining analyse Trails. analyse trails are a set of records or events that record bodily process on a system. (White, 2003)As Brian was viewing the logs he found that there were reiterate failed log in attempts on a few different forecasts, but not decorous to cause a lockout. But there were too galore(postnominal) to failed log in attempt s to just ignore. He also found out mortal was attempting to admission fee the accounts from other location within the engineering department. According to policy he had to report this to leadership in Human Recourses. The leadership was not technical and did not understand the issue and how server the problem was. habituated what the fibre has presented the attacker wanted to gain access to thenetwork.After the presenting his case to HR leadership he decided to work on an IT project at the top of the list. He apparatus virtual private networks (VPN) for the sale staff to have remote access. A VPN is a communication tunnel that provides point-to-point contagion of both authentication and data traffic over an untrusted network. (Stewart and Chapple and Gibson, 2012, p221) He setup the VPN on the financial network. Once the software was loaded on employees systems he started to monitor the security logs. He found more accounting en subdue connection then what he installed.When he followed up on a few of the originating IP addresses in the security log, He found that a number of the connections originated from a local c competent Internet Service provider (ISP) (Whitman and Mattord, 2011, p. 27). The attacker was using shared accounts from employee in the company. When some wholeness would leave they would drag the account down. Accounts were not being deleted or disable. Removing or disabling accounts should be a standard best practice for any system. Accounts need to be deleted as soon some sensation leaves.(Stewart and Chapple and Gibson, 2012, p231)Some of the things he could have through otherwise was to review his IT security policies from day one. The events that took place were events that were easy to miss. HR should have had a policy on how to handle terminated employees. in that location should be a lock out policy since the engineering employee was able to try many attempts on the account before it was locked out. The good lockout policy is triplet attempts then the user has to go through their IT department to deject the account unlocked. A exceedword policy should be implemented as well.At to the lowest degree 8 characters with a combination of lower case, upper case, one number, and one special character, this is DOD standard. If these were in place the attacker would not have been able to attack the network. The IT department needs to be teach to varan Security logs once a week. He would face a queen-sized challenge trying to recommend these changes to the Leadership. He try to apologize this to the HR Director. His explanation required substantial effort as Jim had minimal IT experience. (Whitman and Mattord, 2011, p. 26). It took some other incident for the HR Director to take him serious.IT and HR Department example Study and AnalysisBased on my observation security at Cenartech is high risk. I base this off of the security practices that are in place. What companies fail to realize is you can protect your network technically but you also have to protect the network physical. There are firewalls in place to protect the network from the outside but no policy to protect the network from the inside. A security policy is a document that defines the scope of security needed by the organization and discusses the assets that need protection and the extent to which security solution should go to provide the necessary protection.(Stewart and Chapple and Gibson, 2012, p221)Although the company IT structure is solid, most of it was created by out consultants and the IT department did not have any leadership that was IT smart. The IT department was ran by the Director of Finance. Cenartech has already been establish for a few years before Brian the IT manager came on board. There was no Standard Operating Procedures. Procedures are the final element of the formalized security policy structure. (Stewart and Chapple and Gibson, 2012, p221) Within a year of being at the company he wrote a draf t outlining duties and responsibilities for each staff member. Since his IT department was small he gave each staff member some security responsibilities. His staff members did not have any experience looking at security logs. Any time he had the chance he would train them. He knew the importance of looking at the logs regularly and maintaining Audit Trails. Audit trails are a set of records or events that record activity on a system. (White, 2003)As Brian was viewing the logs he found that there were repeated failed log-in attempts on a few different accounts, but not enough to cause a lockout. But there were too many to failed log-in attempts to just ignore. He also found out someone was attempting to access the accounts from other location within the engineering department. According to policy he had to report this to leadership in Human Recourses. The leadership was not technical and did not understand the issue and how server the problem was. Given what the case has presented t he attacker wanted to gain access to thenetwork. After the presenting his case to HR leadership he decided to work on an IT project at the top of the list. He setup virtual private networks (VPN) for the sale staff to have remote access. A VPN is a communication tunnel that provides point-to-point transmittance of both authentication and data traffic over an untrusted network. (Stewart and Chapple and Gibson, 2012, p221) He setup the VPN on the financial network. Once the software was loaded on employees systems he started to monitor the security logs. He found more ledger entry connection then what he installed.When he followed up on a few of the originating IP addresses in the security log, He found that a number of the connections originated from a local cable Internet Service provider (ISP) (Whitman and Mattord, 2011, p. 27). The attacker was using shared accounts from employee in the company. When someone would leave they would pass the account down. Accounts were not being d eleted or disable. Removing or disabling accounts should be a standard best practice for any system. Accounts need to be deleted as soon someone leaves.(Stewart and Chapple and Gibson, 2012, p231) Some of the things he could have done differently was to review his IT security policies from day one. The events that took place were events that were easy to miss. HR should have had a policy on how to handle terminated employees. There should be a lock out policy since the engineering employee was able to try many attempts on the account before it was locked out. The good lockout policy is three attempts then the user has to go through their IT department to get the account unlocked. A password policy should be implemented as well.At least 8 characters with a combination of lower case, upper case, one number, and one special character, this is DOD standard. If these were in place the attacker would not have been able to attack the network. The IT department needs to be trained to Monito r Security logs once a week. He would face a big challenge trying to recommend these changes to the Leadership. He try to explain this to the HR Director. His explanation required substantial effort as Jim had minimal IT experience. (Whitman and Mattord, 2011, p. 26). It took another incident for the HR Director to take him serious.

Internet and Our Reading Ability Essay

earnings has become a present for whole of us. It gave us the tractableness to get all kind of learning on our foresee tips, at the comfort of our bag and that too very quickly. Few old age back getting knowledge about anything was kind of difficult and tedious. bulk use to sympathize books, go by dint of journals and old passwordpapers and so on and so forth to fetch any feature news or information. But with the net profit boom, everything changed. quite a little started using eBooks, online dictionaries, Wikipedia, online magazines, online journals.Internet gave large number the flexibility to pursuit for anything and everything they want with the click of a button, starting from a local anesthetic address to international news with the search giant called Google. In genuine scenario, more and more passel are becoming dependant on cyberspace for everything in their life. With all these developments and net profit dependency, the one billion one dollar bil l question is, does the Internet decrease our ability and interest in schooling? Does the Internet decrease our ability and interest in admiting? Internet, a few(prenominal) years back this was not known to anyone or may be a very few people.Internet was known to be a medium to communicate, this served as a boon for the software industry and umpteen other corporate. Posts which took umpteen days and at quantify months, could be delivered in sightly few seconds. This made communication troubled and easy. Slowly profits sp enunciate out its areas and entered into normal peoples life. plenty started feeling the comfort of sending emails and communication easy and very quick. With the meshing god, people starting enjoying the comfort and flexibility. Slowly with research and development, internet expanded its expertise. It became a source of information with huge database of information.Internet gave people the flexibility to get any kind of information that they needed, ver y fast. This added to peoples comfort and flexibility and they started enjoying the so called internet. As the information were made available, people started feeling the need of having flexibility to search for information with keywords and hence search engines like Google, yahoo, msn were born. Research shows that, as the demand increases, supply also increased. The very(prenominal) thing happened with internet. People felt the need to do more with internet rather than just reading/writing emails and getting information.Slowly internet expanded its wing towards the ecommerce. Groceries, garments, jewelries, greeting cards, flowers and gifts, computers and electronics everything became online. People reduced their showroom visits, and started enjoying the ecommerce which gave them flexibility to buy anything they desire with just few button clicks and with added benefits like home delivery. With so some(prenominal) flexibilities and comforts, people got habituate to the interne t. They started enjoying the electronic or online reality to be more precise. As the comfort increases, the desires also increase and equivalent thing happened in the internet case.After ecommerce boom, came a big sleep together called wind vane2. 0, it gave people more flexibility. Here the user was the king. Until now people were just reading information, purchasing items and so on and so forth, but with web 2. 0 concepts came a revolutionary change in the internet world. People were able to do lot many things like writing blogs, accessible networking, commenting and rating, sharing, collaboration, forming and joining online groups and communities. People were able to attending the online webinars, eLearning concepts, reading academic books or novels online, reading news online and so on.There is no end to the internet and the new concepts coming up. Internet gave people flexibility, flexibility to read, write, search, buy and do whatever they want and feel. Internet is like a genie for everyone, invite anything and you will get. Internet is not limited to big cities it expanded its wings to small villages also, do them all e-dependant. Despite of all these developments, internet didnt stop it grabbed its attention towards the students and teachers. Student started feeling the comfort of reading online, making notes, doing research and so on and so forth.Things which seemed like rocket learning became a cake walk for them. Internet helped them in materializeing anything they desire. Students started using up more clock time online through internet than reading physical notes and books. Kids started compete online games hence reducing their outdoor games. As the internet came with so many comforts, people started enjoying them all and became internet addicted. Internet addition is more life-threatening than any drugs. As and when people started enjoying their comforts with the so called internet god, they forgot everything else in life they start ed spending more time online.Even for small information they started searching online. Their social circle got affected. But what happened next? Most importantly their patience level decreased towards reading. Earlier people use to read books with lot of patience, going though the index foliate, turning through the paginate number they want to read, bookmarking the page where they stopped and so on. But with internet their reading ability decreased. They started feeling impatient about turning page by page to get any information. Ctrl+f (find) became their all time favorite shortcut.They desired these types of shortcut and online methods in their normal life also. Internet which came as a boon for all of us, became a curse for the authors and writers, since people started feeling disinterested towards reading books, rather they preferred eBooks which are elbow room simpler to read and navigate. EBooks provided them flexibility to click on hyperlinks and go to any item topics, w hich is not possible through normal books. It gave them flexibility to search for any word they wish to find about in any particular topic or phrase.Internet totally changed the way people work. It changed peoples perception towards reading and writing. Those who were happy reading books started disliking them. They got so addicted to the internet that it became major part of their life for everything. Internet have spoilt peoples mind, thinking ability, reading ability, writing ability and many more things. Those who enjoyed going to libraries and renting books and reading them, now likes to go to online libraries and read eBooks. Those who enjoyed reading newspapers now like reading news online in news sites.Those who liked reading or knowing general knowledge through GK books now like finding them online through Google or any much(prenominal) search engine. Those who liked doing research by collecting books and as many articles as possible, now like going online and referring o nline articles, links and books. Everything changed People find it flexible and comfortable to read online for one more added reason that is information is available free of cost. Internet gave people everything they can desire in their life starting from comfort, flexibility to knowledge, technologies, gadgets and widgets and many more things.But it took remote the patience from them. People dont want to apply their brains anyplace else but only on the internet and doing things online. Obviously why do they need to apply brains? When everything they want is getting them available efficiently, fast and with the alike(p) quality and with lots and lots of flexibility, why would they like to do things without internet. With all the points above, the only conclusion is the internet may be a boon for all of us to lead a comfortable life, but internet has taken away one very important things from all our lives, and that is readability.References http//news. zdnet. com/2100-9595_22-24399 7. hypertext mark-up language Is Google Making Us Stupid? http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Is_Google_Making_Us_Stupid%3F Internet Age Are We Losing Our capacity to Read and think? http//www. realtruth. org/articles/090105-006-science. html Leonard, Pitts. Is the Internet robbing us of the ability to read and think? http//www. sj- r. com/archive/x833711685/Leonard-Pitts-Is-the-Internet-robbing-us-of-the-ability-to-read- and-think Nicholas, Carr (2008). Is Google Making Us Stupid?

MySQL server Essay

When a node connects to the MySQL server, the server uses the user tell apart provided by the client and the client host to select the appropriate account rowing from the mysql.user table. It then uses this row to authenticate the client. Before MySQL 5.5.7, the server authenticates the password provided by the client against the watchword column of the account row. As of MySQL 5.5.7, the server authenticates clients using plugins. Selection of the congruous account row from the mysql.user table is based on the user name and client host, as before, but the server authenticates the client credentials as follows The server determines from the account row which authentication plugin applies for the client.If the account row specifies no plugin name, the server uses native authentication that is, authentication against the password stored in the news column of the account row. This is the same authentication method provided by MySQL servers older than 5.5.7, before pluggable authent ication was implemented, but now is implemented using devil plugins that are built in and cannot be disabled. If the account row specifies a plugin, the server invokes it to authenticate the user. If the server cannot find the plugin, an error occurs. The plugin returns a locating to the server indicating whether the user is permitted to connect.Whereas SQL Server supports two authentication systems, Microsoft Access supports trinity. Unfortunately, three is not necessarily better than two, and the Access security system is not suited for large enterprise usage. The most commonly used is Database Password. A database password is simply a password that Access prompts you to type in when opening the database. A database can have only one password. You cannot pin down a different password to different users.

Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior

SOCL2151 Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior Phase 4 Individual wander Repost And Phase 5 Individual Project Conclusion Jerry Dunlap CTU Online Nov 12, 2012 SOCL2152 Introduction Portions of this designation has repurposed work from Professor Vilas Sociology 215 In my Phase 4 Individual Project I ordain be taking rough the sociology of feature, what frisk and event I picked and why I picked them. I will blab and describe the event and the sport that I have picked as well. I will be giving a description of my line observation everyplace the event that I watched.I will also talk somewhat what it was exchangeable doing heavens work without re ever soy(prenominal)y being in the field to do it. I will also go into lecture about what I have well-read from my field observation and glint on sports and the field of sociology of sport. Sports atomic number 18 and have been for me a manner to loosen ever sense I was a lower-ranking boy developing up and going to coa ch. I gamblinged sports in junior mettlesome and in high school as well. Sports for many people stinkpot be a focusing of life or their main way of making money to live from one daytime to the undermentioned.I watch sports manful because when I watch them I turn over man I desire that was me out in that respect on that field or on that address them I wouldnt have to worry so genuinely much about how I am going to take c atomic number 18 of my family. I tail be ceremonial occasion a feisty and sitting in that location idea as well if I could on the button have one of the redeem checks that the admiters get I would be seat for a long time. The sport that I was going with at send-off was basketb in all further later dealing about it I was like hold on there arent any basketball games showing on television near without delay so I changed it to football just to be open to do the field observation.I picked football because I grow up watching it when I was yo unger and I played it for three years in high school that I will be public lecture a little about some(prenominal) of them because of using both of them in my last two Individual Project. On January 20th 1892 the first accepted basketball game as we know it was played in capital of Illinois Massachusetts. Doctor James Naismith a Canadian invented basketball for the YMCA so that they could play during the winter months. He made up rules for the game and also nailed up two peach baskets for hoops.Most of the rules the he made for the game of basketball are still used but have been changed up a little bit over the years. SOCL2153 Pro basketball and college basketball are both big sports that are covered by all types of media like the news, radio, television and the inter pay is a big one as well. Radio has a big impacted on basketball because it allows people that cant watch it to be able to listen to the games. The internet and new allows you to be able to keep up with states and separate stuff like that on the sport and on the players as well.The description of my field observation subsequently watch the Sunday game amidst the Cowboys and Giants is there are all types of people there besides the players on the field playing the game, and manageres. there are the people that margin call the game and the camera people from the television channel that the game was on. there where fans, cheerleaders from both teams and referees as well. From what I could trip up and perk the fans where all into the game cheering and boing when no-good calls were made or when there team made a good or rugged play.People that where at the game looked to me like they were of all ages from little kids up to aridly people. The players see to show when they are upset about a bad call or a play that was ran the wrong way. The players also show strike a little after they make big play or even a little play. With the part of who hangs out with whom, and what are the moods a nd tender dynamics. I cant really tell from watching the game on television but for the approximately part I would think that most of the people that go to games just hang out with the ones they go there with and the players who can really say who they hang out with when there non playing.Some of the behavior in the game is from both the fans and players. Fans can set forth getting upset because there team isnt playing like they should or there team isnt getting the right calls from the referees that they think they should be. The same could go for the players from both teams. They start getting mad because they arent playing like they should be or they get a bad call. It all depends on how the game is going and how the players are playing on how the fans act and or behave. I picked this event because I am a big cowboys fan and I just like watching them play on Sundays.SOCL2154 As everyone knows American football has been around for centuries and is one of the most popular sport s in America. As of 2010 football is the most watched sport of all of the four sports in America today. The Beginning A citizen of ancient Grecian times used to play a game called harpaston and this game was cognise as a dangerous game. There were no rules, no field specifications and no guidelines. They simply went out and played this game resembling a classification of rugby and football. In the 12th century the game as we now know it began in England.People of this time started to love this game so much that at one time both Kings heat content II and Henry IV banned the game. At this time people where only allowed to delineate and kicked the ball and couldnt pass the ball send on at all. growing On November 6, 1869 American football was believed to be burn when Princeton and Rutgers Universities met to play the first organized football match in American history. Within the next basketball team years the game would change and more teams would be added. There would be new r ules put unneurotic allowing the teams to have 15 players on their team.A coach from Yale named Walter Camp introduce new rule changes to the game that would hold cutting the number of players allowed on the field from 15 d ingest to 11 and adding downs. football game originally only had three downs and the teams only had to go five yards to get a first down but in 1912 it got change magnitude to four down and they had to get 10 yards for a first down. hot seat Theodore Roosevelt would later dish up the colleges put unneurotic or crate the content Collegiate Athletic Association and they would put together a sevener member rules committee that would pass a rule to legalize the forward pass.In 1922 the American Professional Football Association changed its name to the National Football League and thus the NFL is born. Then in 1966 the Super Bowl was crated as the NFLs Championship game. In 1967 the first super bowl was played between the Green Bay Packers and the Dallas Cowb oys and the Packers would go on the win the first ever super bowl over the Cowboys 21 to 17. SOCL2155 I have learned from doing field work that it is hard to do when youre really not on the field doing it was same what hard to do because you cant really get a good look at the fans or what is going on around the field.When watching the game on a television from the house only thing you really get a good look at is all of the players from both teams and the coaches. You can hear the fans and maybe every now and thing you can get a look at the fans just for a few seconds but not long enough to really be able to see how they are acting. Phase 5 Individual Project My life experience with sports has been very interesting from the start. I started playing sports like running cross country, get through and playing basketball when I was in middle school. I cherished to play football but are iddle school football coach wouldnt late me. He told me that I was too small because I only weighted like 110 pounds in middle school. When I got into high school I still played these three sports but my sophomore year I finally started playing football but by thin I was not that up to date on how to play the game nor was I really that good. I was able to go bad to many different places in middle school and high school because of sports even if it was just in the state that I live in. I allowed me to meet different people from different areas of the state.I still think to this day if it wasnt for sports and school that I wouldnt have passed and graduated high school like I did. Sports are part of what I am today and I big reason why I am a sports fan today. SOCL2156 world a sports fan of sports now I would have to say that for me its a way to relax and respect same of the sports that I played in school without playing them anymore. Being able to watch sports gives people a way to get together with friends a few times a week or just a few times a month depending on the sport tha t is on at that time.I see watching sports as a way to get a little trill without have to put your own life at risk or anyone elses because you can do it sitting at home with your family or with friends. The sport experience help me connect with friends because it gives us something to talk about when we get together other thin just are familys and what we have done over the past few days or weeks. The sports experience gets people together no matter what type of people they are or what quicken they are even if its just for a few legal proceeding or a few hours people arent looking at others based on their skin color or their religion.References ESPN. (2012). Retrieved from ESPN. com http//espn. go. com/nba/ history of Football. (2012). Retrieved from historyoffootball. net http//historyoffootball. net/ Bass, A. (2010, Apr 19). Livestrong. Retrieved from livestrong. com http//www. livestrong. com/article/108870-history-football/ Faurschou, B. (n. d. ). History of Basketball. . Ret rieved from nbahoopsonline. com http//www. nbahoopsonline. com/Articles/History1. html

Dire Predictions: Global Warming

Geography November 29, 2010 fearful Predictions Student Edition Chapter superstar of Dire Predictions Understanding spherical warm up does exactly like the title says, it gives the reviewer the inhering basics of understanding the Global Warming issue. Chapter one gives essential information regaleing a wide range of things including the pictorial and merciful impacts on climate, definition of a glasshouse gas and how it alludes temperature, positive and nix feedback loops, threatening human byproducts that affect the ozone, bureaus scientists study ancient climates, and it gives potential future Earth outcomes due to globular heating.It is a really ludicrous chapter I hit the sack, alone this information proves to be very valuable when gibeedness about world(prenominal) warming. In fact, the information is so valuable that it substructuret be covered by righteous stating a warm overview of the chapter, but needs a to a greater extent detailed summary. Some na tural variables that potentially affect the Earths climate include the sun, volfannyic eruptions, and Earths orbit. But how exactly does roundthing like a vol whoremasteric eruption effect climate?This is because Explosive volcanic eruptions modify the firearm of the atmosphere by injecting small particles called aerosols into the atmosphere layer. These released aerosols block the solar shaft of clean that would put on r distributivelyed Earths surface and consequently, it has cooling effect on Earths surface. The more than talked about topic in chapter one however is the non-natural, or human induced impacts causing global warming. man burning of fossil fuels and release of chlorofluoro coulombs (CFCs) are both founts of human variables that affect global warming.CFCs are a kind of gas that is released by cooling apparatus such as the refrigerator. These gasses acquit been proven to obliterate the ozone. Furthermore, the book goes on to prove that the major impacts caus ing global warming are not natural but aboutly human do. It states that the tar in the ozone is not mostly caused by a natural accession in CO2 gasses but the release of CFC-11 and CFC-12 gasses by humans into the environs. As proof of the gasses affect on the ozone it states that the average temperature of the globe has gone up from 13. degrees Celsius to 14. 5 degrees Celsius. It canvasms like a small amount of temperature increase but even one degree average increase can wee a major influence on global warming. Finally, chapter one goes on to describe what discovers if these patterns persist. So what leave behind happen if these patterns persist, and what do will it have on agriculture and man? To better understand what will happen to us, we have to understand what the ozone layer does. The ozone layer protects us from libellous ultraviolet shaft.If these patterns persist the ozone will protect little and little ultraviolet radioactivity from entering Earths atmo sphere. If this happens then the sorbet caps will vanish which will be catastrophic to man and agriculture. According to http//www. tropical-rainforest-animals. com/Global-Warming-Effects. html some effects of global warming will be Floods Droughts, Heat waves, innate winter cold and hoodwink fall, Tornadoes, Extreme storms, Tropical cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons. You dont have to be a geography major to know that these types of effects will deal a devastating blow to people and plants.Precipitation patterns will also change everywhere, messing up normal agricultural growth. Some more effects global warming will have on agriculture and animals is it will drag trees produce leaves earlier, it will cause earlier color on vegetation, it causes re-distributions of algae that will kill animals that eat it to survive, and the ultraviolet radiation will ultimately poison humans and animals and destroy plants everywhere. If we have no ozone life will be unsustainable on Earth. Bu t wait, all these stately things dont have to happen we can do things to go along global warming.We can start to friend this not to happen by burning up less fossil fuels, thus reducing emissions into the ozone. Scientists and mechanics have recently been working together to make cars that produce less waste and are better for the environment. We can help by purchasing these kinds of cars and investing in this type of research. An separate route to help is if we as a world unite and we set goals and laws that require fewer emissions from each country. Also, it may seem small but a way we can all help is by recycling things which cuts down the waste it takes to make whole new things.More ways you can help are by using less air conditioning and heat, ever-changing light bulbs to more energy in force(p) ones, buying energy efficient products, driving less or carpooling, using less hot water, and finally set a tree. Although planting a tree or changing a light bulb may seem like a small way to help, if everyone in the world followed these suggestions emissions would be greatly abridged which could save the Earth. Scientists have worked together to try to understand the problem.By constantly recording new entropy and looking at old data they have come to a better understanding of what we use that causes these emissions and the way it affects us and our planet. A way scientists have studied the ancient atmosphere is by drilling into the ice caps and examining the trapped air. Also scientists are constantly observing the ozone layer to see any changes that might come. Scientists also look at what kind of molecules the ozone is make of and gasses that could destroy it. Learning about the problem is half the battle so we are on our way to a brighter tomorrow.I think the information given over in the book was good information based on scientific truths. The information in this book was very easy to follow as almost every page had a corresponding graph or get wind to help you understand the information given. However one of the problems I had with the information in this book is I felt that it was really ardent to discredit the other(a) side of the argument with not much detail. When approach with an opposing point the author just basically says that all other views are wrong and moves on.Also, the information in this book jumped to something completely different every other page. But that being said I did learn a lot from reading this book. The thing I make up most enkindle in the book were some of the statistics given throughout the chapter. For example thought how long the gasses CFC-11 and CFC-12 last and how much more potent it is that vitamin C dioxide. Even after five hundred old age after CFC-12 is released, it is hushed 5,200 times more potent than carbon dioxide. And five hundred years after CFC-11 is released, it is 1,620 times more potent that the carbon dioxide (Dire Predictions, p. 9). With CFC gasses and other ha rmful gasses lasting this long it is important to stop the release of these harmful gasses as soon as we can. Another thing I found interesting in the book was the change in Mount Kilimanjaro snow coverage over time. First, it shows Mount Kilimanjaro during the year 1912 and it is covered in snow. That picture is followed by a picture of Mount Kilimanjaro during the year 2007, and the snow cover has almost all disappeared. Another statistic I found very interesting in chapter one is the graphs on page thirty-three.These graphs show the amount of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere before and up to 2005. The graphs show that the levels of these greenhouse gasses are pretty constant until it reaches the year 2005 When the graph line representing the gasses reaches to just before the year 2005, levels of all three of these gasses skyrocket. (Dire Predictions, pg. 33) Reading this book made me realize how serious the global warming issue is and how it is already alter the world today. Due to global warming life as we know it could possibly come to an end.But dont start putting your bucket list together just yet. If we start doing things everyday to help reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses we can make sure that tomorrow is a brighter day, figuratively that is. The things stated earlier (using less air conditioning and heat, changing light bulbs to more energy efficient ones, buying energy efficient products, driving less or carpooling, using less hot water, planting trees) are all examples of everyday things we can do to help the environment and stop global warming.Another thing that people can do to help this problem is by educating themselves about global warming. By educating yourself about global warming you can solve the problem easier because you know the causes. Also you can educate other people about the importance of taking global warming into consideration. If everyone around the world pitches in to try to help, maybe the succeeding(prenominal) book we read will be Optimistic Predictions.Works Cited Banerjee, Subhankar. Global Warming. refreshful York Times. 6 Oct. 2010. Mann, Michael E. , and Lee R. Kump. Dire Predictions Understanding Global Warming. New York, NY DK Pub. , 2009. Print. May, Elizabeth, and Zoe? Caron. Global warming for dummies . Mississauga, ON J. Wiley & Sons Canada, 2009. Print. Nodvin, Stephen C. Global Warming. encyclopedia of earth. 9 May. 2010. 29 Nov. 2010. . Yeatman, William. Global Warming Solutions/Cost/Science GlobalWarming. orgArchiveGlobal Warming 101 . Global Warming . N. p. , 9 Feb. 2009. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. .